Chida chopangira mphete ndi mtima wa mphero ya pellet. Kapangidwe kake ndi ubwino wake wopangira zinthu zimatsimikizira mwachindunji ubwino wa pellet, mphamvu yopangira, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa mtengo pa tani. Chida chopangira mphete chikatha msanga, chimatseka pafupipafupi, kapena kupanga ma pellet osakhazikika, chomwe chimayambitsa nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku kusankha zinthu kapena njira zazifupi zopangira. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika magulu awiri akuluakulu a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic (X46Cr13/4Cr13) ndi chitsulo cha alloy (20CrMnTi) ndi njira zopangira zomwe zimasinthira mawonekedwe azinthu kukhala magwiridwe antchito.
Chifukwa Chake Mphete Yopangira Zinthu Ndi Yofunika
Pakupanga ma pellet, mphete ya mphete imagwira ntchito mopanikizika kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwambiri, komanso kupsinjika kwa makina nthawi imodzi. Feed mash imalowetsedwa m'mabowo a die ndi ma press rollers pomwe nthunzi, chinyezi, mchere, ndi zosakaniza zokwawa zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pamwamba pa ntchito ndi makoma a mabowo. Kusankha bwino zinthu kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri: kuwonongeka mwachangu kwa mabowo, kuchepa kwa kukhazikika kwa kupsinjika, kuchepa kwa kuuma kwa ma pellet, kutsekeka kwa ma die pafupipafupi, kuyika kwamkati mwa pamwamba, komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha kusweka [1].
Mavuto azachuma ndi ofunika kwambiri. Diyi yotsika mtengo yomwe imafuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kuyambitsa nthawi yopuma, kapena kuchepetsa ubwino wa ma pellets ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi diyi yapamwamba yokhala ndi moyo wautali.
Mabanja a Zinthu Zakuthupi: Chidule Choyerekeza
Makampani opanga mphete amagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri azinthu, ndipo kusankha kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso chiopsezo cha dzimbiri.
Gulu loyamba ndi Martensitic Stainless Steel, yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo X46Cr13 ndi 4Cr13, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ngati HRC 52 60. Mphamvu zazikulu zimaphatikizapo kulimba kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndi mtengo wokwera wa unit. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo nkhuku, chakudya cha m'madzi, ndi ma formula ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Gulu lachiwiri ndi Alloy Steel, yokhala ndi magiredi wamba kuphatikiza 20CrMnTi, 40Cr, ndi 42CrMo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ngati HRC 55 60. Mphamvu zazikulu zimaphatikizapo kulimba bwino, mitengo yotsika mtengo, komanso mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamakina. Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndi kukana dzimbiri pang'ono. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo nkhuku, ziweto, ndi biomass wamba. Magwero: [1], [2].
X46Cr13 / 4Cr13: Muyezo wa Makampani a Ma Dies a Mphete Zapamwamba
X46Cr13 (DIN 1.4034, dzina lachi China lakuti 4Cr13) ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndipo chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mphete yaukadaulo chimafa. Kulamulira kwake sikungochitika mwangozi koma kumachokera ku kulinganiza bwino kwa zinthu.
Kuuma. Pambuyo pokonza kutentha kwa vacuum, X46Cr13 imakwaniritsa HRC 52 60 pamalo ogwirira ntchito pomwe imasunga kulimba kokwanira kwapakati. Mwachitsanzo, Shanbao manufacturing specifications amayang'ana HRC 52 55, pomwe Hongyang's premium dies imakwaniritsa HRC 58 60 kudzera mu vacuum hardening optimized [2], [3].
Kukana Kudzimbidwa. Kuchuluka kwa chromium (pafupifupi 13%) kumapereka kukana bwino kwambiri ku chinyezi, nthunzi, ndi zosakaniza za chakudya zomwe zimawononga pang'ono kuposa zitsulo za alloy. Pazinthu zopangira chakudya cha m'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, kapena mphero zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo ozizira, kukana kudzimbidwa kumeneku kumawonjezera moyo wakufa [1].
Kukana Kuvala. Kuphatikiza kwa mpweya wambiri wa kaboni ndi ma chromium carbide omwe amapangidwa panthawi yotenthetsera kumapanga malo osatha kutha omwe amasunga mawonekedwe a mabowo nthawi yayitali yopangira. Poyesa koyerekeza, ma X46Cr13 ring dies nthawi zonse amakhala opambana ma alloy steel dies omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podyetsa nkhuku ndi madzi [1].
Lamulo Lothandiza Losankha. Pa mafakitale odyetsera chakudya komwe njira yoyamba yolephera ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabowo, kuwonongeka kwa mkati mwa pamwamba, kapena kutayika kwa mphamvu m'malo mwa dzimbiri la mankhwala, X46Cr13 ndiye njira yamphamvu kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zonse. Kafukufuku wa ku Hongyang Kazakhstan adalemba za moyo wa ntchito ya mphete ya maola 880 (kuchokera pa maola 600 pamakina osinthidwa) ndi ma die ofanana ndi X46Cr13, omwe akuyimira kusintha kwa 46.7% [3].
Chitsulo cha Alloy cha 20CrMnTi: Kavalo Wogwira Ntchito Wotsika Mtengo.
20CrMnTi ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburizing chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma ring dies mu nkhuku wamba, ziweto, ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga biomass komwe chiopsezo cha dzimbiri chimakhala chochepa ndipo chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimaganiziridwa.
Kulimba. 20CrMnTi imapereka kulimba kwabwino kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kofunikira pamene mphero ya pellet ikuyenda pansi pa katundu wosiyanasiyana, pamene ma formula odyetsera ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena pamene kusintha kwa roller sikungathe kusungidwa bwino kwambiri [1].
Kulimba. Pambuyo poika kabati ndi kuzimitsa, 20CrMnTi imafika pa HRC 55 60 pamwamba ndi pakati pamphamvu. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pomwe kumayamwa katundu wovuta womwe ungasweke chinthu chophwanyika kwambiri [2].
Deta ya Moyo Wotumikira. Pa ntchito ya m'munda, 20CrMnTi ring dies imafika maola 2,000 mpaka 3,000 pa chakudya cha nkhuku chokhazikika komanso maola 1,200 mpaka 1,800 pakupanga ma pellets olimba okhuthala pang'ono. Pazinthu zokhuthala kwambiri monga mankhusu a mpunga (kuuma kwa Mohs 7 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa silika), moyo wotumikira ukhoza kutsika kufika maola 800 mpaka 1,500 [4].
Zofooka. Chofooka chachikulu ndi kukana dzimbiri. Mu mankhwala okhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka, mchere, kapena zinthu zina zokhala ndi asidi, 20CrMnTi imatha kugwidwa ndi dzimbiri komanso kuukiridwa ndi mankhwala omwe amawononga mabowo, kukulitsa kukangana, kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za kuwonongeka kwa makina [1].
Zipangizo SIZOYENERA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO MPHETE ZOPANGIRA NTCHITO
Ndikofunikira kufotokoza malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo. Ngakhale kuti ma pellet mill ena amatsogolera kutchula zitsulo zonyamula (monga GCr15 / 52100) ngati zinthu zopangira mphete, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zazing'ono za biomass. GCr15 ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana okulitsa kutentha ndipo ilibe kukana dzimbiri komanso kulimba komwe kumafunika pa mphete za akatswiri zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale okhazikika. Ma feed pellet mill a akatswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha X46Cr13/4Cr13 martensitic kapena chitsulo cha 20CrMnTi pa mphete [1].
Njira Yopangira Zinthu: Kumene Zinthu Zikukwaniritsa Zolondola
Kusankha zinthu ndikofunikira koma sikokwanira. Njira yopangira zinthu imatsimikizira ngati malingaliro a zinthuzo amatanthauza magwiridwe antchito.
Kupanga mphete. Kupanga mphete zabwino kwambiri kumayamba ndi zopanda kanthu. Opanga apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito zopanda kanthu zopangidwa mwamakonda zokhala ndi zinthu zopangira chromium yambiri komanso kulimba kopanda kanthu kolamulidwa (HB 180 220). Kupanga bwino kumakonza kapangidwe ka tirigu, kumachotsa zinyalala zamkati, ndipo kumatha kukulitsa moyo wakufa ndi pafupifupi 15% poyerekeza ndi njira zina zosapangidwa [5].
Kuboola Mfuti. Mabowo opangidwa ndi makina oboola mfuti a CNC omwe amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lofika pa 15,000 RPM. Kusalala kwa mabowo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri: mabowo olimba amawonjezera kukangana, amachepetsa kutulutsa, komanso amafulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Opanga apamwamba amafika pamlingo wa Ra 0.4 0.8 μm pakhoma lamkati la dzenje, kuyandikira mtundu wa galasi lopaka [5].
Kuchiza ndi Kutentha kwa Vacuum. Kuchiza ndi kutentha ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pokonza. Kulimbitsa vacuum mosiyana ndi njira zosambira mumlengalenga kapena mchere kumakwaniritsa kuuma kofanana popanda kusungunuka pamwamba kapena kuchotsa kabotolo. Njirayi imayang'ana HRC 52 60 pamalo ogwirira ntchito pomwe ikusunga kulimba kwapakati kuti isasweke pansi pa kudzaza kwamphamvu kwa ulusi wambiri [5], [3].
Kumaliza kwa CNC. Pambuyo potenthetsa, die imadutsa mu CNC finish return, countersinking, ndi kugaya bore yamkati. Countersinking imachitika ndi makina odziyimira okha a CNC countersinking kuti atsimikizire kuti ma profiles olowera mabowo ofanana, pomwe bore yamkati imaphwanyidwa kuti ikhale ndi miyeso yolondola yomwe imatsimikizira kuti pali kusiyana kofanana pakati pa roller-to-die pakati pa kuzungulira konse [5].
Kutsimikizira Ubwino. Opanga apamwamba amatsimikiza kuuma, kulolerana kwa dayamita ya dzenje (± 0.15 mm pa ma die olondola kwambiri), kutha kwa pamwamba, ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika musanatumize. Opanga ena amadula chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika ndi kalasi ya zinthu mwachindunji pa thupi la die kuti agwiritse ntchito [3].
Kusankha Nkhani Yoyenera: Ndondomeko Yopangira Zisankho
Ndondomeko yosankha zinthu ndi iyi. Pa chakudya cha nkhuku kapena ziweto chokhazikika pamalo ouma, 20CrMnTi ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo. Pa chakudya cha nkhuku kapena ziweto chomwe chili ndi chinyezi kapena chinyezi chosinthasintha, X46Cr13 kapena 4Cr13 ndi yolimbikitsidwa. Pa chakudya cha m'madzi (nsomba/nsomba) chomwe chili ndi chinyezi chambiri, X46Cr13 kapena 4Cr13 ndi yolimbikitsidwa. Pa pellet yamatabwa yomwe ili ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha dzimbiri, 20CrMnTi ndi yolimbikitsidwa. Pa mankhwala okhuthala kwambiri okhala ndi mchere kapena silika, X46Cr13 kapena 4Cr13 ndi yolimbikitsidwa. Pa moyo wapamwamba kwambiri wautumiki, X46Cr13 kapena 4Cr13 yokhala ndi vacuum heat therapy ku HRC 58 60 ndi yolimbikitsidwa. Pakugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika yotsika mtengo, 20CrMnTi ndi yolimbikitsidwa.
Mapeto
Kusankha zinthu zopangira mphete ndi chisankho chaukadaulo chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zachuma mwachindunji. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha X46Cr13 martensitic chokhala ndi kuuma kwake koyenera, kukana kuvala, komanso kukana dzimbiri chikuyimira muyezo wamakampani opangira mphete zopangira mphete zapamwamba za feed pellet. Chitsulo cha alloy cha 20CrMnTi chimapereka njira ina yotsika mtengo yogwiritsira ntchito wamba yokhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha dzimbiri. Njira yopangira makamaka chithandizo cha kutentha kwa vacuum ndi kulondola kwa kubowola mfuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusinthira mawonekedwe azinthu kukhala magwiridwe antchito. Kwa mafakitale omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mtengo pa tani iliyonse ndikuwonjezera nthawi yosinthira ma die, kuyika ndalama muubwino wazinthu ndi kulondola kwa kupanga nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa phindu lomwe limaposa mtengo wogulira pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-20-2026
