Chidule cha akuluakulu
Dziko la Brazil linatha chaka cha 2025 ndi matani 89.9 miliyoni a chakudya chonse, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti likhale lachitatu padziko lonse lapansi kukhala lopanga chakudya chachikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa China ndi United States. M'derali, gawo la ng'ombe za ng'ombe linadziwika bwino ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 7% pachaka kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kufika matani 7.73 miliyoni - kukula kwakukulu pakati pa magulu onse a ziweto. Kupititsa patsogolo kukula kumeneku ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kupita ku machitidwe omalizitsa kwambiri: Chiwerengero cha ng'ombe ku Brazil chinaposa 9.25 miliyoni mu 2025, kuwonjezeka kwa 16% kuchokera chaka chatha.
Mu mzinda wa Mato Grosso do Sul — umodzi mwa madera asanu apamwamba kwambiri ku Brazil omwe ali ndi ng'ombe 900,000 zosungidwa m'nyumba ndi kukula kwa 17.8% pachaka — ntchito ya ng'ombe yapakatikati idakumana ndi vuto lalikulu pakupanga. Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza momwe famuyi idagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang) kuti ipange mphero ya SZLH508 ring die pellet ndi zida zothandizira, zomwe zidasintha mphamvu yake yopanga chakudya komanso mtundu wa pellet.
Mbiri ya Makasitomala
Agropecuária Campo Verde, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Dourados kum'mwera kwa Mato Grosso do Sul, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ng'ombe yozungulira yokhala ndi mahekitala 3,200 a malo olimapo mbewu komanso malo okwana 17,000 pachaka. Famuyi imapanga chimanga chake ndipo imatulutsa DDGS (tirigu wouma wokhala ndi zosungunulira) kuchokera ku chomera chapafupi cha ethanol - chitsanzo chophatikiza mbewu ndi ziweto chomwe chakula kuchoka pa 40% mpaka 71.8% pakati pa malo odyetsera ziweto aku Brazil kuyambira 2020.
Pofika pakati pa chaka cha 2024, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa tsiku lililonse pafamuyi kunali pafupifupi matani 7, koma fakitale yake yakale ya pellet - yomwe imapangidwira m'dzikolo ndipo imagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi - inali kulimbana kuti isunge kusinthasintha. Kusinthidwa kwa mphete yophimba kumafunika miyezi 8-9 iliyonse, nthawi yopuma yosakonzedwa inali pafupifupi maola 14 pamwezi, ndipo pellet durability index (PDI) inali kusinthasintha pakati pa 86% ndi 89%, pansi pa malire a 93% omwe katswiri wazakudya adawona kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pochepetsa kutayika kwa chakudya ndikuwonjezera phindu la tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mavuto Opanga
Mavuto atatu adathetsa vuto la ntchitoyi:
1. Kusasinthasintha kwa ma pellets. Mphete yakale ya mphero yosweka imapanga ma pellets okhala ndi kuuma komanso kutalika kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zipangidwe ndi 8-11%. Mu zakudya za ku Brazil - nthawi zambiri 70-80% zimayikidwa ndi chimanga ngati roughage - ndalama zambiri zimachepetsa kufanana kwa chakudya ndikuchepetsa kulondola kwa chakudya chonse chosakanikirana.
2. Kubwezeretsa mphesa nthawi zambiri. Ndi miyezi 8-9 yotumikira mphesa, famuyo idataya masiku atatu kapena anayi opangira pa kusintha kulikonse, kuphatikiza mtengo wa mphesa yokha. Pa R$12.70 pa munthu aliyense patsiku pomaliza kudya komanso anthu 17,000 omwe amayendetsa mphesa chaka chilichonse, tsiku lililonse lopuma linkayimira pafupifupi R$13,500 mu chakudya chomwe chimayenera kuperekedwa kunja.
3. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya mphero yomwe ilipo ya 5.5 t/h sinakwanitse kukula kwa famuyo kufika pa 20,000 pofika chaka cha 2026 - njira yogwirizana ndi msika waukulu wa malo odyetserako ziweto a Mato Grosso do Sul, komwe 78.8% ya ogwira ntchito adakonzekera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomalizitsa kwambiri.
Kusankha Zida ndi Yankho
Pambuyo poyesa ogulitsa atatu — wopanga m'modzi waku Brazil ndi ogulitsa awiri aku China — oyang'anira a Campo Verde adasankha mphero ya Hongyang ya SZLH508 ring die pellet kuti ikhale maziko a mzere watsopano womaliza. Chisankhochi chidachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zitatu:
Uinjiniya wa mphete. SZLH508 imagwiritsa ntchito mphete yamkati ya mainchesi 508mm yopangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 4Cr13 yokhala ndi mabowo obooledwa ndi mfuti, njira yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mainchesi ofanana a mabowo ndi kutha kosalala kwa khoma lamkati. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kulimba kwa pellet komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma die. Hongyang idapereka tsatanetsatane wa zitsulo ndi malipoti oyesera kuuma kwa chipani chachitatu (HRC 52-55 pamalo ogwirira ntchito ma die) isanayikidwe oda - mulingo wa zikalata zomwe famuyo sinalandire kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ena.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. SZLH-508 imayesedwa kuti ndi matani 5-20 pa ola limodzi kutengera kapangidwe ka die ndi kapangidwe kake. Pa pellet yomaliza ya ng'ombe ya Campo Verde ya 6mm, gulu la mainjiniya la Hongyang linawerengera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya 8-10 t/h pa chiŵerengero cha compression cha 1:8.5, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi woti pakhale cholinga chokulitsa mphamvu ya 20,000-head target.
Kugwirizana kwathunthu kwa mzere. Kupatula mphero ya pellet, Hongyang idapereka choziziritsira chofananira (SKLN-4), chowunikira chozungulira (SFJH-120), ndi magulu awiri a ma ring dies ndi ma roller shells - zomwe zidalola famuyo kuyika muyezo pa wogulitsa m'modzi pa gawo lopangira pelletizing ndikupewa mavuto okhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kapangidwe ka mzere wonse kanaphatikizapo:
| Zipangizo | Chitsanzo | Ntchito |
|———–|——-|———-|
| Mphero ya ma pellets opangidwa ndi mphete | SZLH-508 (132 kW) | Kupangira ma pellets oyamba |
| | Counterflow ozizira | SKLN-4 | Kuzirala kwa post-pellet |
| Choyezera chozungulira | SFJH-120 | Kuchotsa zindapusa |
| Mphete yotchinga (yowonjezera) | 508mm, mabowo a 6mm, CR 1:8.5 | Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera |
| Chipolopolo cha roller (chowonjezera) | 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi | Zida zosungira zosungira |
Kukhazikitsa ndi Kuyambitsa
Hongyang anatumiza gulu la mainjiniya awiri ku Dourados kuti akayang'anire ndikukhazikitsa ntchito pamalopo. Ntchitoyi inatenga masiku 11 kuchokera pakuchotsa ntchito mpaka kupanga koyamba — masiku atatu mofulumira kuposa momwe famuyo inanenera masiku 14 oyambirira. Mfundo zazikulu kuchokera ku lipoti la kukhazikitsa ntchito:
- Mota yayikulu (132 kW, mtundu wa WEG malinga ndi zomwe famuyo imakonda pa ntchito yake yapafupi) inalumikizidwa mkati mwa 0.05mm pa cholumikizira, kupitirira kulekerera kwa fakitale ya 0.08mm.
- Ma parameter a nthunzi adayesedwa pa 0.3-0.4 MPa ndi kutentha kwa 80-85 digiri Celsius - malo abwino opangira gelatinized concentrate concentrate popanda kuwononga bypass protein mu DDGS fraction.
- PDI yoyamba idayesedwa pa 94.2% pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ASAE S269.4 tumbling, nthawi yomweyo idapitilira cholinga cha 93%.
Pa nthawi yonse yoyambitsa ntchito, mainjiniya a Hongyang ankachita maphunziro a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ogwira ntchito ku famu atatu, kuphatikizapo njira zogwiritsira ntchito pobowola, kusintha mipata ya ma roller (0.1-0.3mm tolerance), kuyang'anira khalidwe la nthunzi, komanso kuyang'anira kuwonongeka kwa makina pogwiritsa ntchito bore gauge.
Zotsatira za Ntchito (Ogasiti 2024 - Pakadali pano)
Pambuyo pa miyezi 18 yogwira ntchito mosalekeza — pafupifupi maola 4,800 akugwira ntchito yokonza matani pafupifupi 38,000 a chakudya cha ng'ombe — SZLH-508 yapereka zotsatira zomwe zalimbitsa kwambiri chuma cha Campo Verde chopanga:
| Metric | Kukweza Patsogolo | Kukweza Pambuyo | Kukweza |
|——–|————-|————–|————-|
| Kuchuluka kogwira ntchito | 5.5 t/h | 8.5 t/h | +54.5% |
| Chiyerekezo cha Kulimba kwa Pellet (PDI) | 86-89% | 94-95% | +6-8 points |
| Chiwongola dzanja chopanga zilango | 8-11% | 3-4% | -60% |
| Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya mphete | Miyezi 8-9 | Miyezi 18+ (yopitilira) | +100% |
| Nthawi yopuma yopanda dongosolo pamwezi | Maola 14 | Maola 2.5 | -82% |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani | 22.4 kWh/t | 18.1 kWh/t | -19.2% |
Chida choyamba chodulira chikugwirabe ntchito patatha miyezi 18, zomwe manejala wopanga wa famuyo akunena kuti zidachitika chifukwa cha luso la Hongyang loboola mfuti komanso njira yodziwika bwino yoboola mfuti yomwe idaphunzitsidwa panthawi yoyambitsa ntchito. "Tinatsatira njira yodulira ndendende - kudya chakudya chamafuta pang'onopang'ono kwa maola 8 oyamba - ndipo pamwamba pa chidacho pakuwonetsa kuwonongeka pang'ono. Tikuyembekezera miyezi ina 6 isanalowe m'malo mwake," adatero mu ndemanga yotsatira.
Kutsika kwa 19.2% kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tani imodzi — kuchokera pa 22.4 mpaka 18.1 kWh — kumatanthauza kuti ndalama zosungira magetsi pachaka za R$38,000 zimasungidwa pamitengo ya mafakitale am'deralo, chiwerengero chomwe chimakhudza gawo lofunika la ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa umwini wa zidazi pa nthawi yonse yomwe zikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malingaliro a Makasitomala
Lucas Marques, mkulu wa ntchito ku Campo Verde, anafotokoza mwachidule zomwe zinachitika:
"Poyamba tinkasamala pankhani yogula zida kuchokera kwa wopanga waku China yemwe sitinagwirepo ntchito naye kale. Chomwe chinatitsimikizira chinali kuwonekera bwino - Hongyang adagawana ziphaso zonse zazinthu, adapereka maumboni ochokera kwa makasitomala aku Latin America omwe analipo, ndipo mainjiniya awo adakhala masiku atatu pamavidiyo asanayitanidwe, akuyenda mwatsatanetsatane kuyambira zofunikira za maziko mpaka kukula kwa chitoliro cha nthunzi. Zipangizozo zitafika, zidagwirizana ndendende ndi zomwe zidafotokozedwa. M'miyezi 18, takhala ndi mafoni awiri ogwirira ntchito - onse adathetsedwa mkati mwa maola 48 kudzera mu malangizo akutali. Kwa woyendetsa malo odyetserako ziweto komwe malire amadalira momwe chakudya chimagwirira ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa 94%+ PDI ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri."
Mapeto
Zomwe zinachitikira Campo Verde zikusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu m'gawo la malo odyetsera ng'ombe ku Brazil. Pamene chiwerengero cha ng'ombe zotsekeredwa m'nyumba chikukwera - kuchoka pa 8 miliyoni mu 2024 kufika pa 9.25 miliyoni mu 2025 - ndipo phindu likuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwa ndalama zomwe zimalowetsedwa, ogwira ntchito m'malo odyetsera ng'ombe akufufuza mozama ulalo uliwonse womwe uli mu unyolo wawo wopanga. Ubwino wa pellet si muyeso wosamveka; umalamulira mwachindunji kufanana kwa chakudya, kulemera kwa thupi, komanso magwiridwe antchito a ndalama zomaliza.
Njira ya Hongyang — kuphatikiza zofunikira zaukadaulo zolembedwa, kuyambitsa ntchito pamalopo ndi maphunziro a oyendetsa, komanso chithandizo choyankha pambuyo pogulitsa — ikuyankha nkhawa za ogwira ntchito m'malo odyetsera ziweto omwe sangakwanitse kugula zida zofunika kwambiri ngati zinthu zofunika. Kwa Campo Verde, SZLH508 yakhala maziko odalirika pakukulitsa kwake kuchokera pa 17,000 mpaka 20,000, ndi malo otsogolera othandizira kukula kwina pamene gawo la ng'ombe ku Brazil likupitiliza kusintha kwake kupita ku kumaliza kwakukulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-28-2026
