Chidule cha Executive
Gawo la chakudya cha nkhuku ku India limapanga pafupifupi matani 40 miliyoni a chakudya chamitundu yosiyanasiyana pachaka, ndipo chakudya cha nkhuku chimawerengera 66% ya msika wonse. Monga opanga nyama ya nkhuku yachisanu padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi matani 9.77 miliyoni, opanga nkhuku ku India amagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri pomwe kusintha bwino chakudya - motsogozedwa mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa pellet - kumatsimikizira phindu [1].
Kafukufukuyu akuwunika momwe chophatikiza cha nkhuku chapakati mu lamba wa nkhuku wa ku Tamil Nadu chinathetsera kusakhazikika kwa kupanga kwa nkhuku mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphero ya Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet ngati gawo lalikulu la mzere womaliza wokonzedwanso. Kwa miyezi 20 yogwira ntchito, mpheroyi yakhala ndi Pellet Durability Index (PDI) yoposa 94%, yapereka mphamvu yokhazikika ya matani 6.5 pa ola limodzi, ndipo sinalembe nthawi yopuma yosakonzedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ring die - zotsatira zomwe zikuwonetsa luso laukadaulo la zida za Hongyang komanso njira yodziwika bwino ya kampaniyo yolankhulirana asanagulitse komanso kuyimitsa ntchito pamalopo.
1. Nkhani ya Makampani: Gawo la Chakudya cha Nkhuku ku India
Makampani opanga chakudya chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ku India ali ndi mtengo wa pafupifupi USD 18 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo zikuyembekezeka kufika USD 25.25 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030 pamlingo wa kukula kwa pachaka kwa 7.0% [2]. Chakudya cha nkhuku chikulamulira kwambiri: chakudya cha nkhuku chokha chimapanga 66% ya msika, motsogozedwa ndi makampani ogwirizana omwe amayang'anira pafupifupi 80% ya kupanga nyama ya nkhuku mwadongosolo.
Tamil Nadu ili m'gulu la mayiko anayi apamwamba kwambiri ku India omwe amapanga nkhuku, limodzi ndi Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, ndi Haryana. Malo otchedwa Namakkal-Salem corridor kumadzulo kwa Tamil Nadu ndi amodzi mwa magulu a nkhuku olemera kwambiri ku Asia, okhala ndi mafakitale odyetsera ziweto oposa 1,200 ndipo amathandiza nkhuku zokwana 150 miliyoni nthawi iliyonse. Mumkhalidwe wopikisana kwambiri uwu, ophatikiza amapikisana pa mtengo wa chakudya pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwamoyo - muyeso womwe mtundu wa pellet umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Indian Journal of Poultry Science wasonyeza kuti chakudya cha nkhuku zophikidwa ndi pelleted chimathandiza kuti chakudya chizidya bwino ndi 3-5% ndipo chimachepetsa kutaya kwa chakudya ndi 12% poyerekeza ndi chakudya chophikidwa ndi mash. Kwa integrator yomwe imapanga matani 20,000 a chakudya pachaka, kusintha kwa 5% pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino chakudya kumatanthauza kuti chakudya chimasungidwa pafupifupi matani 1,000 - pamitengo ya chimanga cha ku India ya INR 22-24 pa kilogalamu, izi zikuyimira ndalama zopitilira INR 22 miliyoni (USD 265,000) pachaka.
2. Vuto la Makasitomala
Shri Balaji Feeds, kampani yophatikiza nkhuku za nkhuku yomwe ili pafupi ndi Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira nkhuku za nkhuku yozungulira yomwe ili ndi famu yobereketsa, malo obereketsera nkhuku, alimi 180 ogwirizana, komanso fakitole yopangira chakudya cha nkhuku yokwana matani 24,000 pachaka (chiwerengero cha 2024). Kampaniyo imagulitsa mbalame zamoyo pansi pa mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali ndi opanga nkhuku m'madera osiyanasiyana ndipo ili ndi mbiri yofanana ya kulemera kwa mbalame - khalidwe lomwe limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhuku za nkhuku.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023, mzere wa ma pellets okalamba a fakitale yodyetsera chakudya unabweretsa mavuto atatu ogwira ntchito:
Mphamvu yogwira ntchito yosakhazikika. Mphero ya pellet yomwe ilipo, yomwe imapangidwira mdziko muno ya 90 kW yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2016, idapereka mphamvu yogwira ntchito yomwe idasinthasintha pakati pa matani 3.8 ndi 5.2 pa ola limodzi pa pellet yomaliza ya broiler ya 3.5mm. Ogwira ntchito adati kusinthasintha kumeneku kudachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa die kosasinthasintha - popeza die ya mphete idawonongeka mosagwirizana pamalo ake ogwirira ntchito, kuyenda kwa zinthu kumasinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwachangu pafupipafupi kuchitike pamanja komanso kuthamanga kwa nthunzi.
Kutsika kwa ubwino wa ma pellet. Kuyesa kwa PDI kwachizolowezi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ASAE S269.4 kunabweza mtengo pakati pa 86% ndi 90%, nthawi zonse pansi pa malire a mkati mwa integrator a 92%. Kupanga zindapusa pamalo osungiramo zinyalala kunafika pa 7-9% polemera, zomwe zinafuna kuti mphero igwiritse ntchito scalper yowonjezera ndikubwezeretsanso zindapusa kudzera mu pellet press - chizolowezi chomwe chinawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuyambitsa kusiyana kwa kuuma kwa ma pellet chifukwa cha gelatinization yokonzedwanso ya starch.
Kusinthana kwa mphete pafupipafupi. Chophimba cha mphete chinkafunika kusinthidwa miyezi 9-11 iliyonse. Kusintha kulikonse kunkatenga masiku awiri athunthu opangira, pomwe chopangiracho chinkakakamizika kugula chakudya chamalonda pamtengo wapamwamba wa pafupifupi INR 3,500 pa tani. Pa chaka chilichonse, izi zinkakwana pafupifupi INR 1.4 miliyoni mu ndalama zowonjezera zogulira, osaphatikizapo mtengo wa INR 380,000 wa chophimba cha mphete.
“Galimoto ya pellet inali kugunda kwa mtima wathu wonse,” anakumbukira woyang'anira kupanga kwa fakitaleyo. “Ikayenda bwino, chilichonse chinkayenda bwino. Ikavuta, tinkamva kukhudzidwa kuchokera ku malo oberekera ana mpaka ku fakitale yokonzera.”
3. Kuwunika ndi Kusankha Zipangizo
Pakati pa Januwale ndi Marichi 2024, Shri Balaji Feeds idayesa njira zina zosinthira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa anayi: wopanga m'modzi waku India, mtundu umodzi waku Europe womwe umayimiridwa kudzera mwa wogulitsa wakomweko, ndi ogulitsa awiri aku China, kuphatikiza Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).
Kuwunikaku kunaika kulemera kwakukulu pa mfundo zitatu:
Kukonza zitsulo ndi kulondola kwa mphete. Hongyang inapereka tsatanetsatane wa zinthu za mphete yake ya HYPM-508: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic cha 4Cr13 (X46Cr13), choumitsidwa ndi vacuum ku HRC 54-56 pamalo ogwirira ntchito, ndi mabowo obowoledwa ndi mfuti omwe amaonetsetsa kuti mulifupi mwake ndi khoma losalala. Malipoti oyesera kuuma kwa chipani chachitatu ndi miyeso ya bore gauge zinaphatikizidwa mu zolemba zisanayambe kugulitsa - mulingo wowonekera womwe unasiyanitsa Hongyang ndi omwe akupikisana nawo omwe amapereka zidziwitso zodziwika zokha.
Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kasinthidwe ka mphamvu. Gulu la mainjiniya la Hongyang linawerengera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya matani 6-8 pa ola limodzi pa pellet ya 3.5mm broiler finisher pa chiŵerengero cha compression cha 1:7.5, pogwiritsa ntchito mota yayikulu ya 132 kW. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe integrator ikufuna pakali pano ya 6 t/h yokhala ndi malo oti ikule mtsogolo kufika pa 8 t/h. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chitsanzo chofanana ndi cha wogulitsa wa ku Ulaya chimafuna mota ya 160 kW kuti ipange mphamvu yofanana, zomwe zikudzutsa nkhawa za ndalama zogulira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Maumboni ndi kudzipereka kwa utumiki. Hongyang adapereka zambiri zolumikizirana ndi makasitomala atatu omwe alipo ku Asia - kuphatikiza kampani yophatikiza nkhuku ku Philippines ndi fakitale yodyetsa ku Vietnam - omwe adatsimikiza kuti kampaniyo iyankha bwino pambuyo pogulitsa. Hongyang adadziperekanso kuyika ntchito pamalopo ndi gulu la mainjiniya la anthu awiri, maphunziro a oyendetsa, ndi chitsimikizo cha miyezi 24 pa thupi la mphete (kupatula kuvala kwachizolowezi), zomwe zidapitilira zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa miyezi 12 ndi ogulitsa ena.
Chisankho chomaliza chinali:
Zipangizo: Mphero ya mphete ya die pellet HYPM-508 (132 kW) – Kupangira pellet koyamba
Chophimba cha mphete chowonjezera: 508mm ID, mabowo a 3.5mm, CR 1:7.5 - Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera
Chipolopolo cha roller (maseti awiri): 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi - Zida zobvala
Chokonzetsera: Double-shaft, 5.5 kW - Chokonzetsera nthunzi
4. Kuyambitsa ndi Kuyambitsa Kupanga
Hongyang anatumiza mainjiniya awiri ku Namakkal mu Meyi 2024. Ntchito yoyambitsa ntchitoyi inatenga masiku 12 ndipo inaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zomwe kasitomala pambuyo pake adazizindikira kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito ya fakitaleyi:
Kulinganiza bwino. Cholumikizira chachikulu cha injini chinalumikizidwa mkati mwa 0.04mm radial ndi axial deviation - chocheperako kuposa zomwe Hongyang adafotokoza pa fakitale yake ya 0.08mm. Gulu la mainjiniya linakhala tsiku lonse pakugwirizanitsa kokha, kufotokozera ogwira ntchito yokonza fakitole kuti ngakhale kusagwirizana pang'ono kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mabearing ndikuyambitsa kugwedezeka komwe kumawononga kufanana kwa ma pellet.
Ndondomeko yothyola ng'ombe zophikidwa ndi mphete. Mainjiniya anayang'anira njira yothyola ng'ombe zophikidwa ndi mphete ya soya kwa maola 8 pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa soya wothira mafuta ndi mpunga wabwino, womwe umagwira ntchito pa 60% ya injini. Ndondomekoyi - yomwe imayika zipolopolo za roller pamwamba pa ng'ombe zophikidwa ndi kutentha mabowo a ng'ombe - ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'mafakitale odyetsera zakudya ku Europe koma sinali yodziwika kwa ogwira ntchito ku Namakkal. "Sitinachitepo kale njira yothyola ng'ombe zophikidwa mwadongosolo," woyang'anira kukonza anati. "Tinkangoyamba kudyetsa chakudya mwachangu kwambiri ndipo tinkayembekezera zabwino."
Maphunziro a ogwira ntchito. M'magawo asanu, mainjiniya adaphunzira kusintha kwa mipata ya roller (kulekerera kwa 0.15-0.25mm pa chakudya cha nkhuku), magawo a khalidwe la nthunzi (nthunzi yodzaza ndi 0.3-0.4 MPa, kutentha kwa die kwa 80-85 digiri C), kuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa die pogwiritsa ntchito bore gauge, ndi kuthetsa mavuto a pellet. Zipangizo zophunzitsira zidasiyidwa mu Chingerezi ndi Chitamil, zomwe zidapangidwira kukhazikitsa kumeneku.
PDI yoyamba inali ndi 94.8% - kupitirira cholinga cha 92% ndipo inali yofanana ndi 95% yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri popanga chakudya cha nkhuku zamalonda.
5. Zotsatira za Ntchito (Meyi 2024 – Pakadali pano)
Pambuyo pa miyezi 20 yogwira ntchito mosalekeza, kukonza chakudya cha nkhuku chokwana matani 36,000, HYPM-508 yapereka zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito: kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 3.8-5.2 t/h (yosakhazikika) kufika pa 6.5 t/h (yokhazikika), kukwera kwa +25% mpaka +71%
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): yakwera kuchoka pa 86-90% kufika pa 94-95%, kuwonjezeka kwa mfundo +5 mpaka +9
- Kupanga zilango poika m'thumba: kuchepetsedwa kuchokera pa 7-9% kufika pa 2.8-3.2%, kutsika kwa -63%
- Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya Ring Die: yakwera kuchokera pa miyezi 9-11 mpaka miyezi 20+ (yopitilira), kusintha kwa +100%+
- Nthawi yopuma yosakonzedwa (pamwezi): yachepetsedwa kuchoka pa maola 16 kufika pa maola awiri, kutsika kwa -87.5%
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani imodzi: kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 21.6 kWh/t kufika pa 17.8 kWh/t, zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa -17.6%
Zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:
Kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Mosiyana ndi mphero yam'mbuyomu, yomwe mphamvu yake inali kusinthasintha ndi matani 1.4 pa ola limodzi kutengera momwe injini imagwirira ntchito, HYPM-508 yakhala ndi bandeji yopapatiza ya 6.3-6.7 t/h nthawi yonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito amanena kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufanana kwa mabowo obowoledwa ndi mfuti komanso kulondola kwa mpata wozungulira - zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zimapanikizika nthawi zonse pamalo onse ogwirira ntchito.
Moyo wautali wa die. Die yoyambirira ya mphete imakhalabe ikugwira ntchito patatha miyezi 20 ndi maola pafupifupi 5,500 ogwirira ntchito, ndipo miyeso ya bore gauge ikuwonetsa kutayika kwa diametric kosakwana 0.3mm pamwamba pa die. Kuchita kumeneku kukuwonetsa mwachindunji metallurgy ya 4Cr13, njira yolimbitsira vacuum, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito. Pa kuchuluka kwa kuvala komwe kulipo, manejala wopanga akuyerekeza kuti moyo wonse wa ntchito umakhala wopitilira miyezi 24 - kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa momwe unachitikirapo miyezi 9-11 kale.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Kuchepa kwa 17.6% kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tani imodzi - kuchokera pa 21.6 kWh kufika pa 17.8 kWh - kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azisungidwa pachaka pafupifupi INR 840,000 pamlingo wamagetsi wa mafakitale ku Tamil Nadu wa INR 8.50 pa kWh. Pa nthawi yomwe makina opangira ma pellet akuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito kwa zaka 15, ndalama zomwe zasungidwazi zokha zimafanana ndi mtengo woyamba wa zida.
6. Maganizo a Makasitomala
Mu ndemanga yotsatira yomwe idachitika mu Disembala 2025, oyang'anira a Shri Balaji Feeds adazindikira zinthu zitatu zomwe zidasiyanitsa zomwe zidachitika ku Hongyang:
Choyamba, kuwonekera poyera kwa malonda kusanayambe kunapanga chidaliro ndalama zisanasinthe. Malipoti a zitsulo, deta yoyesera kuuma, ndi maumboni a makasitomala mwachindunji zinapereka maziko enieni a chisankho chogula chomwe ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo wamkati akanatha kutsimikizira paokha.
Chachiwiri, khalidwe la ntchito yoyambitsa - makamaka njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi maphunziro a ogwira ntchito - linafotokozedwa ngati ndalama zogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali osati kungoyang'ana bokosi loyang'ana. "Ogulitsa ambiri amatumiza mainjiniya kuti asinthe switch ndikuchoka. Gulu la Hongyang linakhalabe mpaka ogwira ntchito athu atayendetsa fakitole popanda kuyang'aniridwa malinga ndi zomwe akufuna," adatero manejala wopanga.
Chachitatu, kuyankha pambuyo pogulitsa kwakhala kokhazikika. Pamene vuto laling'ono la chisindikizo cha nthunzi linabuka m'mwezi wa 14, gulu laukadaulo la Hongyang linazindikira vutoli patali mkati mwa maola atatu ndipo linatumiza zida zina zosindikizira zomwe zinafika m'masiku asanu ndi awiri - mwachangu kuposa nthawi yotsogolera ya masiku 10-14 yomwe idanenedwa ndi wogulitsa waku India pazinthu zofanana.
7. Mapeto
Nkhani ya Shri Balaji Feeds ikuwonetsa mfundo yomwe imaposa msika uliwonse: popanga chakudya cha nkhuku, kukhazikika kwa kupanga ndiye maziko omwe amamangira ubwino wa ma pellet, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso kukhutitsa makasitomala. Mphero ya Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet - kudzera mu ring die yake yokonzedwa bwino, njira yoyendetsera bwino ntchito, komanso chithandizo choyankha pambuyo pogulitsa - idathandiza kampani yapakati ya Tamil Nadu yophatikiza kusintha ntchito yosadalirika komanso yokwera mtengo yopanga ma pellet kukhala chuma chokhazikika komanso choyendetsedwa bwino.
Kwa anthu ophatikiza nkhuku ku India omwe akuyenda pamsika pomwe chakudya chimayimira 65-70% ya ndalama zonse zopangira, kudalirika kwa zida sikophweka - ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pampikisano. Mbiri ya magwiridwe antchito a miyezi 20 ku Shri Balaji Feeds, kuphatikiza 94%+ PDI, 17.6% yosunga mphamvu, ndi kusintha kwa zero ring die, ikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa Hongyang kwa kupanga molondola komanso kudzipereka kwautumiki kumapereka phindu loyezeka komanso lokhazikika m'malo opangira chakudya chambiri komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zolemba za Deta: [1] Chiyembekezo cha Chakudya cha Alltech / Ziwerengero za kupanga chakudya cha ku India; [2] IMARC Group, “Lipoti la Msika wa Chakudya cha Nkhuku ku India 2025-2030″; [3] Indian Journal of Poultry Science, nkhani zosiyanasiyana pa mawonekedwe a chakudya ndi momwe nkhuku zimagwirira ntchito; [4] ASAE Standard S269.4, “Ma Cubes, Pellets, ndi Crumbles – Matanthauzidwe ndi Njira Zodziwira Kuchuluka, Kukhalitsa, ndi Kuchuluka kwa Chinyezi”; [5] USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, “Lipoti la Chaka cha Nkhuku ndi Zogulitsa ku India.”
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-29-2026
