Chiyambi cha Zinthu Zosazolowereka za Tinthu/Pellet ndi Kukonza (Buhler Fumsun CPM pellet mill)

1. Chidutswa cha pellet chili chopindika ndipo chili ndi ming'alu yambiri mbali imodzi
Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri tinthu tating'onoting'ono timachoka mu mphete. Pamene malo odulira akonzedwa kutali ndi pamwamba pa mphete ndipo tsamba lake ndi losalimba, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasweka kapena kung'ambika ndi chida choduliracho chikakanizidwa kuchokera mu dzenje la mphete, m'malo modulidwa. Panthawiyi, tinthu tina timapinda mbali imodzi ndipo mbali inayo imakhala ndi ming'alu yambiri.

Njira zowongolera:
• Wonjezerani mphamvu yokakamiza ya mphete yophikira pa chakudya, ndiko kuti, onjezerani chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza kwa mphete yophikira, motero kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi kuuma kwa zinthu za pellet;
• Pukutani chakudyacho kuti chikhale chofewa. Bola ngati ma molasses kapena mafuta awonjezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa ma molasses kapena mafuta kuyenera kugawidwa bwino ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta owonjezeredwa kuyenera kulamulidwa kuti zinthu za pellet zikhale zolimba komanso kuti chakudyacho chisakhale chofewa;
•Sinthani mtunda pakati pa tsamba lodulira ndi pamwamba pa mphete kapena muyikepo tsamba lakuthwa lodulira;
•Kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera za mtundu wa zomatira kuti ziwongolere mphamvu yolumikizirana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

2. Ming'alu yopingasa imadutsa tinthu tonse tating'onoting'ono
Mofanana ndi zomwe zachitika mu chitsanzo choyamba, ming'alu imachitika pagawo la tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitipinda. Izi zitha kuchitika pamene chakudya chofewa chokhala ndi ulusi wambiri chikupezeka. Chifukwa cha ulusi wautali kuposa kukula kwa pores, pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatulutsidwa, kufalikira kwa ulusi kumayambitsa ming'alu yopingasa pagawo la tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwoneke ngati makungwa a fir.

Njira zowongolera:
• Wonjezerani mphamvu yokakamiza ya mphete yophikira pa chakudya, ndiko kuti, onjezerani chiŵerengero cha kukakamiza kwa mphete yophikira;
• Yang'anirani kusalala kwa kuphwanya ulusi, kuonetsetsa kuti kutalika kwake sikupitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kukula kwa tinthu;
• Wonjezerani kupanga kuti muchepetse liwiro la chakudya chomwe chimadutsa m'bowo la die ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala;
• Wonjezerani nthawi yotenthetsera pogwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera zamitundu yambiri kapena za kettle;
•Ngati chinyezi cha ufa chili chochuluka kwambiri kapena chili ndi urea, n'zothekanso kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi makungwa a fir. Chinyezi chowonjezera ndi kuchuluka kwa urea ziyenera kulamulidwa.

3. Ming'alu yolunjika imachitika mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma pellet
Fomula yodyetsera imakhala ndi zinthu zofewa komanso zotanuka pang'ono, zomwe zimayamwa madzi ndikukula zikasinthidwa ndi chowongolera. Pambuyo pokanikizidwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi mphete, imasweka chifukwa cha mphamvu ya madzi ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu yoyima.

Njira zabwino zowongolera ndi izi:
• Sinthani fomula, koma kuchita zimenezo kungachepetse mtengo wa zipangizo zopangira;
• Gwiritsani ntchito nthunzi youma yokhuta pang'ono;
•Chepetsani mphamvu yopangira kapena onjezerani kutalika koyenera kwa dzenje la die kuti muwonjezere nthawi yosungira chakudya mu dzenje la die;
•Kuwonjezera guluu kungathandizenso kuchepetsa ming'alu yoyima.
 
4. Kusweka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma pellet kuchokera pamalo amodzi
Kaonekedwe kameneka kakusonyeza kuti zinthu za pellet zili ndi zinthu zazikulu zopangira pellet, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyamwa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi ya madzi panthawi yozimitsa ndi kutenthetsa, ndipo sizifewa mosavuta ngati zinthu zina zopangira zabwino. Komabe, panthawi yozizira, kufewa kosiyanasiyana kumayambitsa kusiyana kwa kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu ya radial komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa pulverization.
 
Njira zabwino zowongolera ndi izi:
Yang'anirani ndikuwongolera kusalala ndi kufanana kwa zipangizo zopangira, kuti zipangizo zonse zopangira ziyenera kufewetsedwa mokwanira komanso mofanana panthawi yotenthetsera.

5. Pamwamba pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi pellet ndi wofanana
Chochitika chomwe chili pamwambapa ndi chakuti ufawu uli ndi tinthu tambiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kufewetsa bwino panthawi yotenthetsera. Mukadutsa m'bowo la granulator, silingaphatikizidwe bwino ndi zinthu zina zopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiwoneke tosafanana. Mwinanso, zinthu zopangira zozimitsidwa komanso zofewetsedwa zimasakanizidwa ndi thovu la nthunzi, zomwe zimapanga thovu la mpweya panthawi yokanikiza chakudya kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Panthawi yomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatuluka mu mphete ya thovu, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti thovulo lisweke ndikuyambitsa kusalingana pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chakudya chilichonse chokhala ndi ulusi chingakumane ndi vutoli.

Njira zowongolera:
Yang'anirani bwino kusalala kwa chakudya cha ufa, kuti zipangizo zonse zopangira zifewetsedwe bwino panthawi yokonza; Pa zipangizo zopangira zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri, chifukwa zimatha kugwidwa ndi thovu la nthunzi, musawonjezere nthunzi yambiri pa fomula iyi.

6. Zinthu zonga ndevu
Ngati nthunzi yochuluka yawonjezeredwa, nthunzi yochulukirapo idzasungidwa mu ulusi kapena ufa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mphete, kusintha kwachangu kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kudzapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiphulike ndikutuluka pamwamba pa mapuloteni kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikupanga ndevu zobaya. Makamaka popanga chakudya cha starch yambiri komanso chokhala ndi ulusi wambiri, nthunzi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, vutoli limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.

Njira yowongolera ili mu tempering yabwino.
•Chakudya chokhala ndi starch yambiri komanso ulusi wambiri chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi yotsika mphamvu (0.1-0.2Mpa) kuti chitulutse madzi ndi kutentha mokwanira mu nthunzi kuti chakudya chizilowa;
• Ngati kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kuli kokwera kwambiri kapena payipi yotsika yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi yochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku chowongolera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chiyenera kukhala choposa 4.5m, nthunziyo sidzatulutsa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwake bwino. Chifukwa chake, nthunzi ina imasungidwa muzinthu zopangira chakudya pambuyo pokonza, zomwe zingayambitse zotsatira zofanana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tatchulidwa pamwambapa panthawi ya granulation. Mwachidule, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kayendetsedwe ka kuthamanga kwa nthunzi ndipo malo oyika valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ayenera kukhala olondola.

7. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timadziwika kuti "maluwa"
Ndikofala popanga chakudya cha m'madzi, makamaka chifukwa cha mtundu wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatuluka kuchokera ku mphete kukhala takuda kapena topepuka kuposa tinthu tina tabwinobwino, kapena mtundu wa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasinthasintha, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a chakudya chonsecho.
• Zipangizo zopangira chakudya cha m'madzi zimakhala zovuta kupanga, zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zopangira, ndipo zigawo zina zimawonjezedwa pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zosakwanira zosakaniza;
• Kusasinthasintha kwa chinyezi cha zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza madzi kapena kusakaniza kosagwirizana powonjezera madzi mu chosakanizira;
• Zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ndi granulation mobwerezabwereza;
•Kutha kwa pamwamba pa khoma lamkati la mphete yotsegulira chitoliro kusagwirizana;
• Kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa mphete kapena chozungulira chopanikizika, kutulutsa kosasinthasintha pakati pa mabowo ang'onoang'ono.