Chidule cha Akuluakulu Gawo la mkaka ku Ireland lakhala likukulirakulira kuyambira pomwe EU idachotsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka mu 2015, ndipo kupanga mkaka pachaka kwakwera kuchoka pa malita 5.6 biliyoni kufika pa malita opitilira 8.5 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2024, malinga ndi Teagasc. Gulu la ng'ombe za mkaka mdziko lonselo linali ndi anthu 1,481,300 kuyambira Disembala 2024 (CSO Livestock Survey), lomwe likuthandiza makampani opanga chakudya chamagulu omwe mamembala awo omwe akuimiridwa ndi Irish Grain and Feed Association (IGFA) amapanga pafupifupi matani 4.3 miliyoni a chakudya cha ziweto pachaka. Zakudya za mkaka, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri udzu ngati chakudya choyambira, ndizo gulu lalikulu kwambiri la chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mu izi. Mbale yogulitsa chakudya ku County Cork, yomwe imapereka zinthu zosungira mkaka m'mafamu pafupifupi 60 mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita 100, idakumana ndi vuto losatha pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa mkaka: chakudya cha mkaka chochokera ku udzu chinkatuluka kuchokera ku malo ozizira omwe analipo pamlingo wa chinyezi wa 13.8% mpaka 15.5% kuposa malire a 13.5% ofunikira kuti zinthu zambiri zisungidwe bwino pansi pa nyengo yamvula ya ku Ireland. Mu nyengo yachilimwe ya 2024, mpheroyo idalemba kukanidwa kwa makasitomala 17 osiyana okhudzana ndi kukula kwa nkhungu m'mapepala osungidwa, zomwe zikuyimira pafupifupi matani 280 a zinthu zomwe zabwezedwa. Mu Januwale 2025, mpheroyo idasintha malo ake oziziritsira a m'mbali mwake ndi malo ozizira a Hongyang SKLN 25脳25. Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ya zolemba zopangira pambuyo poyika zikuwonetsa kuti chinyezi chomaliza cha mapellet chidakhazikika pa 12.8% mpaka 13.2%, kukanidwa kokhudzana ndi nkhungu kudatsika kufika pa zero, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoziziritsira kudatsika ndi 22%. Nkhaniyi ikupereka nkhani yaukadaulo, zifukwa zosankhidwira zida, komanso zotsatira zotsimikizika za magwiridwe antchito. 1. Dairy Feed Landscape Ireland ku Ireland imagwira ntchito imodzi mwa njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zodyetsera ziweto. Malinga ndi Teagasc, famu ya mkaka ya ku Ireland imadyetsa ng'ombe ku udzu wa ryegrass kwa masiku 240 mpaka 280 pachaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadyetsa ng'ombe m'nyengo yozizira kuyambira Novembala mpaka February. Munthawi yodyetsera, udzu umakololedwa pa 20% ya zinthu zouma kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya choyambira, chowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zosungunuka zomwe zimakhala ndi ma 4 kg pa ng'ombe patsiku kutengera nthawi yoyamwitsa komanso zomwe zimapanga mkaka. Zakudya za mkaka ku Ireland ndizosiyana ndi zakudya za ku North America ndi ku Europe zomwe zimafanana ndi zomwe zili m'gulu la zinthu zopangira. Balere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 30% ya chakudya, chowonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zochokera ku chimanga (tirigu wa distillers, chakudya cha gluten cha chimanga), ufa wa soya, ndi nyemba za beet zomwe ndi zosakaniza zosakanikirana zomwe zimayamwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga pambuyo pokonza. Ma formula awa, akamayikidwa mu mphero yokhazikika ya pellet pa 75% C, amatuluka mu press pa chinyezi cha pafupifupi 15% ndipo amafunika kuziziritsidwa bwino kuti afike pamalo otetezeka osungira a 13.5% kapena pansi. Makampani ogulitsa zakudya za ku Ireland amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a Unduna wa Zaulimi, Chakudya ndi Zam'madzi omwe amatsatira malamulo a EU Regulation 183/2005, omwe amafuna chinyezi chochepera 14% cha chakudya cha compound chomwe chimasungidwa kwa milungu iwiri. Malo okhala ku Ireland omwe ali ndi chinyezi chapakati pamwezi choposa 80% kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Marichi amapangitsa kutsatira muyezo uwu kukhala vuto lenileni laukadaulo m'malo mochita zinthu zochepa. 2. Vuto Logwira Ntchito Mphero yodyetsa chakudya ya Cork, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1985 ndipo tsopano ikuyendetsedwa ndi ana awiri a woyambitsa, imayendetsa mzere umodzi wopangira ma pellets wokhala ndi mphamvu yokwana matani 8 pa ola limodzi. Mzerewu umakonza mitundu isanu ya mkaka, ndi udzu wosakaniza bwino wa silage balancer - wosakaniza wolemera wa barele wokhala ndi beet pulp ndi ma distillers a chimanga - womwe umapanga pafupifupi 55% ya zokolola zapachaka. Mu 2023 ndi 2024, zolemba zowongolera khalidwe la mpheroyi zidalemba mavuto atatu ogwirizana a gawo lozizira: Kusasinthasintha kwa chinyezi. Choziziritsira cha lamba lolunjika chomwe chinalipo, chomwe chidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2010 ndipo chidawerengedwa pa 10 TPH, chinkapanga ma pellets okhala ndi chinyezi chomaliza kuyambira 13.8% mpaka 15.5% pamagulu onse opanga. Kusiyanasiyanaku kunachokera ku kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa mpweya m'lifupi mwa lamba komanso kuvutika kokhala ndi kuya kofanana kwa ma pellets pa ma coolers a lamba lolunjika - malire olembedwa a geometry yoziziritsirayi. Ma pellets omwe amatuluka kumapeto kwa mndandanda uwu nthawi zambiri amapitilira malire a 14% kuti asungidwe nthawi yayitali. Kuphulika kwa Nkhungu kwa Nyengo. Pakati pa Juni ndi Seputembala 2024, fakitoleyi idalemba zochitika 17 zosiyana zokana makasitomala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhungu m'ma pellets osungidwa. Kusanthula kwa labotale ku labotale yodziyimira payokha yoyesera chakudya ku Cork kunatsimikizira mitundu ya Aspergillus ndi Penicillium m'zitsanzo zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa microbiology yosungira chakudya akuwonetsa kuti mitundu ya Aspergillus imamera pa ntchito yamadzi (aw) pamwamba pa 0.75 鈥 ≤.80, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chinyezi cha pafupifupi 13.6% pa 25 掳C. M'mabokosi osungira chakudya cha famu osatenthedwa ku Ireland, komwe kutentha kwanyengo yachilimwe kumakhala kuyambira 14 0 0 0 C ndipo chinyezi nthawi zonse chimapitirira 80%, ma pellets okhala ndi chinyezi choposa 14% pambuyo pozizira amapereka gawo lothandiza la kukula kwa bowa mkati mwa masiku 10 ≤.4 kuchokera pamene asungidwa. Matani 280 a zinthu zobwezedwazo adayimira kutayika kwachindunji kwa malonda kopitilira EUR 85,000 osaphatikizapo mtengo wosaoneka wa ubale wowonongeka wa makasitomala komanso kusokonekera kwa ntchito yokonzanso zinthu zobwezedwa. Kusagwira Ntchito kwa Mphamvu. Mafani awiri a centrifugal a lamba wopingasa wa 15 kW anali kudya pafupifupi 28 kWh pa tani imodzi ya ma pellets ozizira pafupifupi 35% kuposa muyezo wa kuzizira kwamakono kwa ma pellets a mkaka a 6.0 mm. Kukwera kwa mphamvu kunawonetsa njira yayitali ya mpweya ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a mapangidwe a lamba wopingasa, komwe mpweya wozizira umadutsa ma pellets angapo m'malo osiyanasiyana otentha m'malo mwa pass imodzi yotsutsana ndi mphamvu. 3. Yankho: Hongyang SKLN Counterflow Cooler Pambuyo poyesa malingaliro ochokera kwa opanga zida atatu aku Europe ndi wogulitsa m'modzi waku Asia, mpheroyo idasankha cooler yotsutsana ndi Hongyang SKLN 25脳25. Chisankhochi chinayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zitatu: kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi komwe kwatsimikizika pakupanga kwa madzi otsutsana ndi madzi, kufunitsitsa kwa Hongyang kukonza zofunikira za gridi kuti zigwirizane ndi kukula kwa pellet ya mkaka ya 6.0 mm ya kasitomala, komanso mtengo wa ndalama zomwe zimawononga pafupifupi 35% poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi ofanana ndi omwe amapangidwa ku Europe. Magawo ofunikira aukadaulo pakukhazikitsa: Gawo: Zofotokozera Chitsanzo: Hongyang SKLN 25脳25 Mphamvu Yoyesedwa: 10鈥?2 TPH (ma pellets a mkaka a 6.0 mm) Chipinda Choziziritsira: 2,500 脳 2,500 mm Kutalika kwa Bedi la Pellet: 800鈥?,200 mm (chosinthika) Njira Yotulutsira: Kutulutsa kozungulira kosinthasintha ndi sensa ya digito ya bedi Fan Yaikulu: 22 kW centrifugal, VFD-controlled Air Volume: 24,000鈥?8,000 m鲁/h Air Distribution Grid: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choboola, mainchesi a 3 mm dzenje, malo otseguka 35% Kapangidwe: Thupi lachitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized, malo osapanga dzimbiri achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Nthawi Yosungira: 8鈥?2 mphindi Kutentha Kotuluka: Ambient + 3鈥?掳C Mfundo yoziziritsira yotsutsana imapereka chithandizo chofanana cha kutentha kuposa mapangidwe opingasa a lamba. Ma pellet otentha omwe amalowa pamwamba pa mzati (75°C?5°C) amatsika kudzera mu mzati wokwera wa mpweya wozungulira. Mpweya wotentha kwambiri, wodzaza ndi chinyezi umatuluka pamwamba pomwe mpweya wozizira pang'onopang'ono, wouma umakumana ndi ma pellet akamayandikira kutuluka pansi. Pofika nthawi yomwe ma pellet amatuluka, amakhala atagwirizana ndi mpweya wozungulira womwe ukubwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kotuluka mkati mwa 3°C ya mpweya wozungulira womwe uli ndi envelopu yogwira ntchito bwino, ma cooler oyenda mopingasa sangapereke mphamvu yodalirika. Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo a Hongyang a mainchesi a 3 mm pa gridi yogawa mpweya yomwe idasankhidwa pambuyo powunikira kukula kwa ma pellet a 6.0 mm a kasitomala, amaletsa kutsekeka kwa zidutswa za pellet pomwe akusunga liwiro lokwanira la mpweya kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi zisunthire bwino. Kutulutsa kozungulira kosinthasintha komwe kumakhala ndi sensa ya digito ya bedi kumasunga kutalika kwa bedi la pellet mkati mwa 50 mm kuchokera pamalo okhazikika, kuchotsa njira zabwino zoyendera mpweya zomwe zimayambitsa kuzizira kosagwirizana. 4. Zotsatira: Mbiri Yopanga Miyezi Khumi ndi Iwiri. Choziziritsira cha SKLN chinayikidwa panthawi yomwe idakonzedwa kuti izitsekedwe kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi mu Januwale 2025, ndikuyikidwa mkati mwa malo omwe analipo kale popanda kusintha maziko. Mainjiniya woyambitsa Hongyang adakhalabe pamalopo kwa masiku atatu kuti ayese kutalika kwa bedi, liwiro la fan, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa mitundu isanu ya mkaka ya fakitole iliyonse. Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ya deta yoyerekeza yopanga (pambuyo poyika poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho): Metric: Asanayambe (Horizontal Belt): Atatha (Hongyang SKLN): Kusintha Chinyezi Chomaliza cha Pellet: 13.8鈥?5.5%: 12.8鈥?3.2%: Kusintha kwachepetsedwa ndi 75% Kutentha Kotuluka (pamwamba pa malo): 8鈥?4掳C: 3鈥?掳C: Mukati mwa cholinga Kukana Kokhudzana ndi Nkhungu: 17 (280 MT): 0: Kuchotsa Mphamvu Yoziziritsira (kWh/MT): 28: 22: 鈭?1.4% Madandaulo a Makasitomala: 23: 2: 鈭?1% Kuchotsa kukana nkhungu kokha kunayimira ndalama zosungidwa pachaka zopitilira EUR 84,000 zomwe zimaphimba mtengo wogula wa choziziritsira mkati mwa chaka choyamba chogwira ntchito. Kuchepetsa mphamvu kwa 21.4% kunawonjezera ndalama zowonjezera za EUR 5,200 pachaka pamagetsi amalonda aku Ireland mu 2025. Woyang'anira ntchito yopangira fakitoleyo anafotokoza mwachidule kusiyana kwa ntchito: “Ndi makina oziziritsira akale opingasa, tinkasintha liwiro la mafani ndi kuya kwa bedi nthawi zonse tikuyesera kugunda malo osungira chinyezi ndipo tinkadali ndi magulu oipa. SKLN imagwira ntchito popanda kulowererapo ikakhazikitsidwa. Ogwira ntchito amafufuza maola awiri aliwonse, ndipo manambala amakhala nthawi zonse pamene akufunika kukhala.” 5. Zotsatira za Pansi Makasitomala atatu a alimi a mkaka omwe adabweza kale chakudya chokhudzidwa ndi nkhungu adapereka ndemanga zenizeni miyezi isanu ndi umodzi atakhazikitsa: Gulu la ng'ombe 280 pafupi ndi Mallow, lomwe lidabweza matani 22 a mapellets okhudzidwa ndi nkhungu mu Ogasiti 2024, silinanenenso za zochitika zina zabwino ndipo linatsimikizira kuti mapellets osungidwa kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi m'mabokosi a famu ophimbidwa analibe kutentha kapena nkhungu yooneka. Ntchito yogulitsa ng'ombe 350 pafupi ndi Fermoy, yomwe idasinthira ku kutumiza ma pellets pang'ono komanso pafupipafupi kuti ipewe nthawi yayitali yosungira, idayambiranso kuyitanitsa zambiri zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutumizidwa kuchokera pa sabata kupita ku kawiri pa sabata ndikusunga ndalama zoyendera pafupifupi EUR 1,400 pachaka. Famu ya ng'ombe 180 pafupi ndi Midleton idawona kuti kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa m'mafakitale odyetsera kunja kwa nyumba kumachepetsa nthawi yoyeretsa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mphindi pafupifupi 15, zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama zochepa koma zofunikira pantchito nthawi yozizira yomwe ikukhalamo pamene kufunikira kwa antchito kumakwera. 6. Pomaliza, zomwe zachitika ku fakitale yodyetsera chakudya ku Cork zikuwonetsa kuti kuzizira pambuyo pa ma pellets nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa ngati gawo lachiwiri lokonzekera kungakhale malo ofunikira kwambiri owunikira ngati chakudya cha chakudya chili chothandiza pamalonda. Mu nyengo yamadzi ya ku Ireland yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, komwe chakudya cha mkaka chopangidwa ndi udzu chokhala ndi zosakaniza za hygroscopic chimasungidwa m'mabokosi a famu osatenthedwa m'miyezi yozizira, kusinthasintha kwa chinyezi cha ma pellet pa 13.5% kapena pansi pake ndi chinthu chofunikira pamalonda, osati cholinga chofuna. Choziziritsira cha SKLN cha Hongyang chinapereka kusinthasintha uku kudzera mu ubwino wa counterflow geometry 鈥? Kulumikizana kwa mpweya ndi pellet, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha komwe kumayembekezereka pakutuluka, ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya kolamulidwa ndi VFD 鈥? kuphatikiza ndi mainjiniya a gridi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zake: kukana konse kwa nkhungu m'miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yonse yogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa kwa 21% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yozizira, ndikubwezeretsa chidaliro cha makasitomala pa mtundu wa malonda. Kwa mafakitale odyetsa chakudya omwe amagwira ntchito m'madera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ku Ireland, United Kingdom, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Scandinavia, Brittany, ndi madera ena ofanana ndi nyengo ya m'nyanja kapena kukonza ma hygroscopic formulations okhala ndi beet pulp, molasses, ndi tirigu wonyowa, kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kumapereka chidziwitso chothandiza poyesa kuzizira kwa counterflow ngati njira ina m'malo mwa machitidwe akale a lamba wopingasa. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kubweza ndalama kudzera mu kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zakanidwa zokha kumatha kuchitika mkati mwa miyezi 12, ndi kusunga mphamvu ndi kusunga makasitomala kumapereka phindu lopitilira nthawi yoyambira yogulitsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2026
