Chidule cha akuluakulu
Mumsika wampikisano wa nkhuku za nkhuku komwe chakudya cha nkhuku chimawerengera pafupifupi70% ya ndalama zonse zopangira, ubwino wa ma pellet si luso laukadaulo — ndi kusintha kofotokozera malire. Pamene kampani yogulitsa nkhuku ku Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe, inapeza kuti fakitale yake ya ma pellet yathanzi ya zaka khumi ikupanga ma pellet osweka komanso odzaza fumbi omwe anali kuwononga magwiridwe antchito a gulu la nkhuku ndikuwonjezera ndalama zamagetsi, oyang'anira famuyo adachitapo kanthu mwachangu: kusintha zida zakale ndi makina amakono opangira ma pellet kuchokera kuMalingaliro a kampani Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.Zotsatira zake zinaliKuwonjezeka kwa mfundo 12 peresentimu Pellet Durability Index (PDI), kuchepetsa koyezeka kwa Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), ndiKuchepa kwa 13% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvupa tani imodzi ya chakudya chopangidwa. Kafukufukuyu akuwunika momwe chakudyacho chilili komanso momwe chimakhudzira chuma cha chakudyacho.
Malo Odyetsera Nkhuku ku Zimbabwe
Gawo la nkhuku ku Zimbabwe linapanga pafupifupi matani 65,000 a nyama ya nkhuku mu 2022, malinga ndi deta ya USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, ndipo kupanga nkhuku za nkhuku ndiko komwe kumachititsa kuti zikhale zambiri. Chakudya cha nkhuku chikuyimira zoposa 70% ya chakudya chonse cha mafakitale chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mdzikolo. Bungwe la Zimbabwe Poultry Association lalemba za kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kuchokera pakupanga chakudya cham'mbuyo kupita ku ntchito zamalonda zolimba. Kusinthaku kukukweza chiopsezo cha ubwino wa chakudya: m'machitidwe odyetsera nkhuku za m'madzi omwe tsopano ndi ofala m'nyumba za nkhuku za ku Zimbabwe, nkhuku za m'madzi ziyenera kupirira kunyamula kwa makina popanda kusweka. Zidutswa - tinthu tafumbi tomwe timabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nkhuku - zimapangitsa mbalame kuluma zidutswa zazikulu mosasamala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zigawikane, kuwononga chakudya kwambiri, komanso kukwiya ndi mpweya chifukwa cha fumbi louluka.
Pa famu ya Mashonaland East, vutoli linaonekera kwambiri. Chipinda chake chogulitsira nkhuku cha flat die pellet, chomwe poyamba chinagulidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pang'ono, chinali kuvutika kupereka nkhuku zoyenera kukula kwa famuyo zokhala ndi mbalame zokwana 80,000. Mayeso a PDI omwe adachitika mogwirizana ndi labotale yodyetsera ziweto m'deralo adawonetsa kuti pafupifupi 82% - pansi kwambiri pa 90% yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yocheperako yogwiritsira ntchito nkhuku zamalonda. Zilango nthawi zambiri zimapitirira 12% m'matumba omalizidwa a chakudya.
“Kutayika kwa chakudya kunkaonekera tsiku lililonse,” woyang'anira zokolola pafamuyo anatero pambuyo pake. “Mukhoza kuchotsa chindapusa pa nyumba iliyonse. Chakudya chimenecho ndi chomwe mwalipira kale, ndipo chidzakhala chotayika.”
Nkhani Yaukadaulo ya Ukadaulo wa Ring Die
Cholepheretsa chachikulu cha ma flat die pellet mills chili mu kapangidwe ka makina awo. Mu dongosolo la flat die, ma rollers amazungulira pa mbale yopingasa yosasunthika; malo okanikiza amakhala ochepa kudera lolumikizana ndi roller-die, ndipo kugawa kwa zinthu sikofanana. Pamene kutayika kwa die kukupita patsogolo - kosapeweka chifukwa cha chakudya chochokera ku chimanga cha ku Zimbabwe - kusinthasintha kwa ma pellets kumachepa mofulumira.
Ma ring die pellet mills amathetsa zofooka izi kudzera mu kapangidwe kosiyana kwambiri. Mu mndandanda wa Liyang Hongyang's SZLH, die ring imazungulira mozungulira ma rollers osasuntha kapena ozungulira pa vertical axis. Zipangizozo zimalowetsedwa pamalo otsetsereka pakati pa roller ndi die ndikukakamizidwa kudzera m'mabowo a die pansi pa kukakamizidwa kofanana. Malo okanikiza ogwirira ntchito ndi akulu kwambiri pa kuzungulira kulikonse, ndipo mphamvu ya centrifugal imathandizira kugawa kwa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma pellet azikhala ochulukirapo pamwamba pa die yonse.
| Chizindikiro | Mphero Yakale Yathyathyathya Yopangira Zinyalala | Mphete ya Hongyang SZLH |
|---|---|---|
| Chiyerekezo cha Kukhazikika kwa Pellet (PDI) | 82% | 94% |
| Zindapusa mu Feed Yomalizidwa | >12% | <5% |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu (kWh/tani) | ~22 | ~19.1 |
| Kuthamanga (TPH) | 1.2 | 4.0 |
Ziwerengerozi zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya makampani. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa muZosintha za Ukadaulo wa Zakudya(2023) ndi ma protocol oyesera a ASABE Standard S269.4 amatsimikizira kuti ma ring die configurations nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa ma flat die system ndi 10–15% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso ma point 8–15 peresenti mu PDI ya ma broiler feed applications.
Njira ya Liyang Hongyang
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ntchito ya Liyang Hongyang ndi njira yaukadaulo ya kampaniyo. Ma mphero a SZLH ring die pellet amapangidwa ndi mphete zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi CNC ndi ma roller assemblies olimba, okonzedwa bwino kuti achepetse kugwedezeka ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Chowongolera chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chophatikizidwa chimatsimikizira kulowa kwa nthunzi kofanana ndi gelatinization - gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa nkhuku zochokera ku starch komwe kuphika koyenera kumakhudza mwachindunji kumangidwa kwa pellet ndi kupezeka kwa michere.
Asanatumize mphero ya SZLH508 ku Zimbabwe, gulu laukadaulo la Hongyang linachita kafukufuku wakutali wa momwe famuyo inalili kale, momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe zinthu zopangira zilili. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kukonzedwa kwa miyeso ya dzenje la die bowo (m'mimba mwake wa 4.0mm, chiŵerengero chokhwima cha kupsinjika kwa chimanga ndi soya) komanso momwe injini zimagwirizanirana ndi gridi ya 50Hz ku Zimbabwe. Kukhazikitsaku kunamalizidwa mkati mwa masiku asanu. Mainjiniya wa Hongyang anakhalabe pamalopo kuti apereke ntchito ndi kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse momwe die imagwirira ntchito, kusintha mipata ya roller, ndi kukonza kutentha kwa mpweya - chidziwitso chothandiza chomwe gulu losamalira famuyo silinalandire pogula zida kale.
Zotsatira Zoyezedwa
Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene famuyi idayamba kugwira ntchito, idachita kafukufuku wathunthu wa momwe ntchito yake idagwiritsidwira ntchito. Zotsatira zake zidalembedwa ndipo zidatsimikiziridwa payokha:
Ubwino wa Pellet
PDI inakwera kuchoka pa 82% kufika pa 94%, poyesa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ASABE tumbling can. Zindapusa zomwe zinali m'matumba zinatsika pansi pa 5%. Ma pellets olimba anathetsa vuto la fumbi m'mizere yodyera yokha, ndipo khalidwe la mbalame linasintha kuchoka pa kutola mosankha kupita ku kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana.
Chiŵerengero cha Kutembenuka kwa Chakudya
Famuyi inalemba kuwonjezeka kwa FCR ndi pafupifupi 6.5%, kuchoka pa 1.68 kufika pa 1.57 panthawi yonse yokolola. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Feed International wosonyeza kuti ma pellets okhala ndi PDI yambiri (>93%) amapereka kuwonjezeka kwa FCR ndi 3-10% poyerekeza ndi ma pellets otsika kwambiri popanga nkhuku. Pa ntchito yopanga matani 4,000 a chakudya pachaka, kusinthaku kumayimira pafupifupi matani 260 a chakudya chomwe chimasungidwa pachaka - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu.
Ndalama Zamagetsi
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi moyezera kwatsika kuchoka pa 22 kWh kufika pa 19.1 kWh pa tani, kutsika kwa 13%. Popeza mitengo yamagetsi ku Zimbabwe ili pafupifupi US$0.10–0.12 pa kWh kwa ogwiritsa ntchito malonda, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ndizofunika kwambiri.
Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito
Chigayo chakale chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki chopanda pulasitiki chinkafunika kuyimitsidwa kosamalidwa bwino milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mabearing a roller komanso kuwonongeka kosagwirizana kwa ma die plate. SZLH508, yomwe imagwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko yofanana yopangira ndi zinthu zopangira, yatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yopangira mosalekeza ndi kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika koteteza kokha. Zigawo zotsalira, zomwe famuyo inkapeza kale kudzera munjira zosavomerezeka zotumizira kunja pamtengo wokwera komanso nthawi yayitali yobweretsera, tsopano zikupezeka kudzera mu netiweki yokhazikitsidwa ndi Liyang Hongyang yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa.
Zotsatira Zanzeru pa Opanga Zakudya Zaku Africa
Nkhani ya ku Zimbabwe ikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zilili pa ntchito yopera chakudya ku Africa. Mabungwe a USDA ndi FAO onse awona kuti ntchito zamalonda zapakati pa msika ku Africa zikusinthira kuchoka pa zida zoyambira kupita ku makina apamwamba pamene akukulitsa kupanga ndipo akukumana ndi kukwera kwa ndalama zolowera. Kukweza fakitole ya pellet - yomwe ndi maziko a mzere uliwonse wopanga chakudya - nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwambiri pa ndalama zomwe zingagulitsidwe pakati pa njira zina zosinthira.
Kwa Liyang Hongyang, kukhazikitsa kwa ku Zimbabwe kunalimbitsa kudzipereka kwa kampaniyo pothandiza makasitomala kupitirira kugulitsa koyamba. Pambuyo pake famuyo itapempha njira ina yosinthira ya die ya formula yatsopano yodyetsera, gulu laukadaulo la Hongyang linayankha ndi malangizo a compression ratio mkati mwa maola 48, ndipo die yolowa m'malo mwake idatumizidwa ku Harare mkati mwa milungu itatu.
Iyi si nkhani yongosintha zida zokha. Ndi chitsanzo cha zomwe zimachitika pamene wopanga chakudya akugwirizana ndi wogulitsa yemwe amaona magwiridwe antchito a makina ngati ubale wopitilira waukadaulo osati malonda a kamodzi kokha. Mumsika momwe gawo lililonse la kusintha kwa FCR limatanthauzira kukhala madola masauzande ambiri osungidwa, kusiyana kumeneko ndikofunikira.
Sitima ya SZLH508 yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa maola opitilira 2,000 opangira ku fakitale ya ku Zimbabwe. Ubwino wa pellet ukadali wofanana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwakhala kokhazikika, ndipo famuyo yayamba kukonzekera mzere wachiwiri wopanga - ndi zida za Liyang Hongyang zomwe zatchulidwa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Magwero a deta:Lipoti la USDA la Utumiki Waulimi Wakunja (Zimbabwe Nkhuku ndi Zogulitsa Chaka chilichonse, 2023); ASABE Standard S269.4 (Kuyesa Kukhazikika kwa Pellet); Feed International / WATT Global Media (ubwino wa pellet ndi kafukufuku wa FCR); Zambiri zamsika wa Zimbabwe Poultry Association.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-26-2026
