Kampani yopanga zakudya zamagulu apakati ku Romania yomwe imapereka chakudya cha nkhumba zamalonda m'chigawo cha Banat inasintha mphero yake yakale yaku Europe ya pellet ndi mphero ya Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024. Mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene idayamba kugwira ntchito, mpheroyi idapeza mphamvu yokwanira ya matani 12 pa ola limodzi pa chakudya chomaliza cha nkhumba (3.5 mm die), pellet durability index (PDI) nthawi zonse pamwamba pa 96%, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tani imodzi ya chakudya chomalizidwa. Pakadali pano pamene opanga ziweto ku Romania akukumana ndi ndalama zogulira chakudya zomwe zimafika pa 65% ya ndalama zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kudalirika ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mzere wogulira pellet kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga mpikisano wa famu ndi chipata.
Malo Odyera Nkhumba ku Romania: Kupanikizika kwa Malire ndi Chofunika Kwambiri pa Zipangizo
Gawo la chakudya cha ziweto ku Romania lili pamavuto aakulu. Malinga ndi deta ya Eurostat yomwe yatchulidwa ndi InfoFerma, mitengo ya chimanga ndi barele - zinthu zazikulu zopangira zakudya za nkhumba - idakwera ndi 18% pakati pa 2023 ndi 2024, pomwe mtengo wonse wa zakudya za ziweto udakwera ndi 25%. National Institute of Statistics (INS) idalemba kuwonjezeka kwa 14% kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mafamu a ziweto aku Romania panthawi yomweyi. Popeza chakudya chikuyimira mpaka 65% ya ndalama zonse zopangira m'magawo a nkhumba, gawo lililonse la magwiridwe antchito lomwe limapezeka pafakitale yodyetsera limatanthawuza mwachindunji phindu lopulumuka.
Makampani opanga nkhumba ku Romania ndi ofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi miyezo ya Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Dzikoli lili ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa nkhumba ku Europe - Comtim Romania, kampani ya Smithfield yomwe yayika ndalama zoposa USD 600 miliyoni kuyambira 2004 m'mafamu amakono, fakitole yopangira chakudya chamagulu, ndi malo opangira zinthu. Msikawu umadya matani opitilira 4 miliyoni a chakudya chamafakitale pachaka, ndipo kufunikira kumakulirakulira makamaka m'magulu a nkhuku ndi nkhumba. Kwa opanga chakudya chapakati omwe amatumikira maukonde a mafamu am'deralo, kuthekera kopereka ma pellets abwino nthawi zonse pamtengo wotsika sikofunikira - ndi chinthu chofunikira kuti munthu akhalebe mu bizinesi.
Poganizira izi, fakitale yopangira chakudya ya Banat, yomwe imapanga matani pafupifupi 80,000 a chakudya chamagulu pachaka kuti imalize ntchito za nkhumba kumadzulo kwa Romania, inayamba kuyesa mzere wake wopangira ma pellet kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024. Makina omwe alipo a pellet, makina a ku Europe omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa khumi, anali kupereka mphamvu zosasinthasintha - zozungulira pakati pa 9 ndi 11 t/h kutengera mawonekedwe a zinthu zopangira - ndikupanga ma pellet okhala ndi PDI omwe nthawi zina amatsika pansi pa 92%, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti minda ya makasitomala idandaule za chindapusa chochuluka cha chakudya choperekedwa.
Chisankho Choyesa Njira Yothetsera Mphete ya ku China
Gulu la mainjiniya la fakitaleyi poyamba linkafuna kuti pakhale wina wolowa m'malo mwa ogulitsa odziwika bwino aku Europe. Komabe, nthawi yotsogolera yoposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi ndalama zomwe zinali zovuta kuzimvetsa m'chaka chochepa zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusaka kwakukulu. Kudzera mwa wogulitsa zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'gawo la chakudya cha Central ndi Eastern Europe, gululi linadziwitsidwa ku Hongyang Feed Machinery, kampani yopanga Hongyang Feed Machinery yaku China yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi ma ring die pellet mills ndi ma ring die components kuyambira 2006.
Lingaliro la Hongyang linali losavuta: mphero ya pellet yomangidwa mozungulira chopangira mphete ndi chozungulira chopangidwa mwaluso, ndikugogomezera kwambiri ubwino wa zinthu ndi kusinthasintha kwa kupanga m'malo monena za malonda. Zopangira mphete za kampaniyo zimapangidwa pa malo obowolera mfuti a CNC ozungulira asanu, zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa uvuni wa vacuum kuti zitsimikizire kuuma kofanana, ndikuyesedwa ndi ultrasound pa chopanda chilichonse chopangidwa chisanapangidwe. Izi ndi tsatanetsatane waukadaulo womwe umagwirizana ndi mainjiniya okonza omwe akhala zaka zambiri akuyang'anira kutayika kwa mphete ndi kusintha kwa mphete.
Oyang'anira fakitole yodyetsera anali odziwa bwino ntchito. Anapempha anthu oti alankhule nawo kuchokera ku ntchito zofanana ndipo analandira deta yolembedwa yochokera kwa wopanga chakudya cha nkhumba ku dziko lapafupi la EU (ndi chilolezo cha kasitomala). Detayo inasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya 11.5-12 t/h pa die ya 3.5 mm ya chakudya chotsirizira inali yokwanira miyezi 18, ndipo nthawi ya ring die inali yoposa maola 6,000 isanayambe kukonzedwanso. Ziwerengerozi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe fakitole ya Banat inkafunikira. Filimu yodyetsera ring die pellet ya HYPM508 inayitanidwa pakati pa 2024 ndipo inayamba kugwira ntchito mu Novembala.
Kutumiza ndi Kugwira Ntchito: Miyezi Isanu ndi Imodzi ya Deta
Woyang'anira fakitaleyo anafotokoza kuti njira yoyambitsira ntchito ntchitoyi inali “yosatheka m’njira yabwino kwambiri.” Gulu la akatswiri la Hongyang, lomwe linalipo kwa masiku atatu, linayang’anira kukonza, kukonza zinthu, komanso kukonza magawo oyamba. Gulu loyamba la opanga mafakitalewa—chakudya chokhazikika cha chimanga ndi soya—chokhala ndi ufa wa tirigu wa 15%—chinakwaniritsa 11.8 t/h mkati mwa maola anayi kuchokera pamene kampani inayamba ntchito.
Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wathunthu wogwira ntchito, mpheroyo inali kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pa 12.0-12.3 t/h pa fomula yomweyi, ndipo mphamvu ya injini inali yokhazikika pa pafupifupi 88% ya mphamvu yovomerezeka. Izi zinasiya malo oti mitundu yokhuthala kapena kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zopangira nyengo - malire a kapangidwe omwe gulu lopanga linapempha makamaka poganizira kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wa tirigu waku Romania chaka ndi chaka.
Ziwerengero za ubwino wa ma pellets zinakopa chidwi cha dipatimenti yotsimikizira ubwino wa ma pellets. Ma PDI, omwe anayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Holmen NHP100 tester (njira yokhazikika ya masekondi 30), adakhazikika pa avareji ya 96.3% pa ma batches 120 omwe adayesedwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kusiyana kwa muyezo pa ma batches awa kunali kocheperako kwambiri, kusonyeza kuti kulimba kwa ma pellets sikunali kokha kokwera komanso kodziwikiratu. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zinali mu chakudya chomalizidwa pamalo osungiramo ma thumba kunali pansi pa 1.5% nthawi zonse, poyerekeza ndi 3-5% pansi pa zida zam'mbuyomu.
Katswiri wa zakudya za nkhumba wa kasitomalayo adawona phindu losayembekezereka: kusinthasintha kwa kudya kwa chakudya m'mafamu onse kumakula. "Nkhumba zikalandira chakudya chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana - osasinthasintha kuchokera ku katundu wa galimoto kupita ku katundu wa galimoto pankhani ya kuuma kwa pellet ndi ndalama - njira zodyera zimakhazikika. Izi ndi zomwe zimawonekera mu deta ya kusintha kwa chakudya panthawi yonse yokulira," katswiri wa zakudya adafotokoza mu ndemanga ya kotala. Ngakhale gulu la mpherolo lidasamala kuti lisanene kuti kusintha kwa FCR kokha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pellet - zinthu zingapo zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito pafamu - kulumikizana pakati pa khalidwe la pellet lokhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa kudya kunawonedwa ngati phindu lofunikira pantchito.
Mphete Ikufa Pakati pa Nkhaniyi
Diye ya mphete yokha ndiyofunika kuiganizira. Hongyang adapanga diye ya kutalika kwa 3.5 mm × 75 mm yogwira ntchito bwino pa ntchitoyi, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha X46Cr13 - chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic chromium chokhala ndi kaboni pafupifupi 0.46% chomwe chimapereka kuuma koyenera (nthawi zambiri HRC 52-55 pambuyo pa kutentha) ndi kulimba. Kusankha kwazinthu kumeneku kukuwonetsa kusinthana kwapadera kwaukadaulo: zitsulo zokhala ndi kaboni wambiri zimatha kukhala zolimba kwambiri koma zimakhala ndi chiopsezo cha kusweka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupeta kwa chakudya cha nkhumba, makamaka pamene mapangidwe ake akuphatikizapo zosakaniza za ulusi monga tirigu kapena ufa wa mpendadzuwa (zonsezi zimapezeka muzakudya za nkhumba zaku Romania).
Maonekedwe a dzenje la die adapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe okhwima pang'onopang'ono: gawo lolowera locheperako kuti litsogolere chakudya chokhazikika kupita ku dera lokhwima, gawo lozungulira lokhala ndi ma pellet, ndi malo otulutsira mpweya kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa msana ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yotulutsa. Mbiri iyi si ya Hongyang yokha - ikuyimira mfundo zokhazikika za kapangidwe ka die la die la die la die - koma kusinthasintha komwe kunachitidwa m'mabowo onse kunatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu la fakitole pogwiritsa ntchito ma go/no-go gauges panthawi yowunikira isanakhazikitsidwe.
Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi maola pafupifupi 3,200 akugwira ntchito, chida choyezera chidawonetsa kusweka kofanana popanda umboni woti chasweka, kusweka, kapena kusweka. Woyang'anira fakitaleyo adaneneratu kuti ntchito yake idzakhala maola osachepera 7,000 asanakonzedwenso, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kusweka komwe kudachitika pakuwunika kwa maola 3,000. Ngati izi zitachitika, mtengo wogwira ntchito wa chida choyezera chida pa tani imodzi ya chakudya chomalizidwa udzakhala wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi avareji yakale ya mphero.
Mphamvu ndi Mtengo: Manambala Ofunika
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndiye mtengo waukulu kwambiri wosinthira ma pellet, ndipo chinali chiŵerengero chomwe woyang'anira zachuma wa mphero ya Banat ankayang'anitsitsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi zida zam'mbuyomu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa injini ya mphero ya pellet kunali pafupifupi 19.2 kWh pa tani imodzi ya chakudya chomalizidwa. Pambuyo pokonza magawo ogwirira ntchito a mphero ya Hongyang - makamaka, kusintha kutentha kwa nthunzi kukhala 78°C ndi liwiro la die kuti ligwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ka chakudya - kugwiritsa ntchito kwapakati kumakhala pa 17.1 kWh/t, kutsika kwa pafupifupi 11%.
Pa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nkhumba chopangidwa pachaka cha matani 55,000 (chotsala cha matani 80,000 a mphero ndi chakudya cha chakudya cha nkhumba zobereketsa), kupulumutsa kwa 2.1 kWh/t kumeneku kumatanthauza pafupifupi 115,500 kWh pachaka. Pa mtengo wapakati wamagetsi wa mafakitale ku Romania wa pafupifupi EUR 0.13 pa kWh (deta ya 2024 Eurostat), kupulumutsa mphamvu pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi EUR 15,000. Ngakhale sikungosintha kokha, kupulumutsa kumeneku kumathandizira kwambiri phindu la mphero pa tani imodzi panthawi yomwe opanga chakudya ku Romania akulandira kukwera kwakukulu kwa mtengo wazinthu zopangira.
Kukula kwa Hongyang: Zimene Nkhaniyi Ikuonetsa
Kafukufukuyu sakuperekedwa ngati nkhani yopambana yokha. Ukuwonetsa momwe zinthu zakhalira m'misika yambiri yogulitsa chakudya komwe mafakitale a Hongyang ring die pellet agwiritsidwa ntchito: kuyang'ana kwambiri pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri - khalidwe la zinthu, makina olondola, komanso kusasinthasintha kwa njira - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zikhale zodalirika popanda zonena zambiri zokhudza malonda.
Hongyang Feed Machinery, yomwe ili ku Liyang, Jiangsu Province, China, yakhala ikupanga makina odzipangira okha kuyambira mu 2006. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito makina obowolera mfuti a CNC okhala ndi axis zisanu, ma uvuni oyeretsera kutentha kwa vacuum, ndi malo obowolera zinthu m'malo ambiri opangira zinthu zomwe zimagogomezera kubwerezabwereza mofulumira kwambiri. Mzere uliwonse wopanda kanthu umayesedwa ndi ultrasound musanapange makina - gawo lowongolera khalidwe lomwe ndi lokhazikika popanga ndege ndi magalimoto koma silimachitika kawirikawiri popanga zida zodyetsera. Zogulitsa za kampaniyo zimaphimba ma ring dies kuyambira 200 mm mpaka 600 mm m'mimba mwake, ma roller assemblies, ma roller shells, ndi ma pellet mills athunthu, ogwirizana ndi makampani akuluakulu atolankhani aku Europe ndi apadziko lonse lapansi.
Zomwe Banat adakumana nazo ku Hongyang zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pamsika wa zida zodyetsera chakudya padziko lonse lapansi: kufunitsitsa kwakukulu pakati pa opanga zakudya aku Europe omwe amasamala kwambiri kuti ayesere zida zaku China pazabwino zake zaukadaulo osati dziko lomwe adachokera. Pamene mphero ya ring die pellet ingawonetse kukhazikika kwa ntchito, khalidwe la pellet lokhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo choyankha, kuwerengera kugula kumakhala kothandiza osati kopanda nzeru.
Maphunziro Ogwira Ntchito a Opanga Ma Feed
Kudzera mu ntchitoyi, pali mfundo zingapo zokhudza momwe zinthu zilili zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa opanga zakudya zina omwe akuganiza zosintha mizere yopangira ma pellet:
Kufotokozera za die ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe ambiri amaganizira. Chisankho cha gulu la Banat chogwira ntchito ndi mainjiniya a Hongyang pa geometry ya die hole - m'malo mongoyitanitsa die-yomwe imalipidwa bwino ya 3.5 mm - phindu loyezeka pakukhazikika kwa throughput ndi kulimba kwa pellet. Ma feed mill omwe amaona kuti die specification ndi chisankho chogula zinthu amasiya magwiridwe antchito patebulo.
Magawo a nthunzi yoziziritsira ndi ofanana ndi dongosolo. Kutentha koyenera kwa conditioner ya kapangidwe kameneka (78°C) kunadziwika kudzera mu kusintha kobwerezabwereza mwezi woyamba wa ntchito. Ma conditioner omwe analipo kale kuchokera ku mphero ya pellet yapitayi sanasunthike mwachindunji; mawonekedwe a mphero yatsopano ndi mawonekedwe a compression amafunika kukonzedwanso. Millers ayenera kuwerengera nthawi ndi chisamaliro cha gawoli lokonzanso.
Kusasinthasintha kwa PDI n'kofunika kwambiri monga avareji ya PDI. Gulu la Banat lomwe lili ndi khalidwe labwino linanena kuti kulimba kwa ma pellet komwe kumasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku gulu lina kupita ku lina kumabweretsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kusamalira ndi kudyetsa pansi pa famu, ngakhale PDI yapakati ili yovomerezeka. Kupatuka kwa PDI yolimba ya mphero ya Hongyang (0.7 peresenti) kunawonedwa ngati kofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kuposa avareji yokwera pang'ono yokhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Mapeto
Mu msika wa chakudya cha nkhumba ku Romania komwe opanga nkhumba akutenga ndalama zokwana 25% pazakudya za ziweto, kudalirika kwa zida si chinthu chapamwamba - ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa bajeti yopulumuka. Zomwe Banat adakumana nazo ndi Hongyang HYPM ring die pellet mill zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa ma pellet, komanso kusunga mphamvu zoyezeka zitha kuchitika ndi zida zomwe zimayika patsogolo zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa kampani. Kwa opanga ma feed mill omwe amayesa ndalama zawo zogwiritsira ntchito ma pellet line motsutsana ndi kulimbitsa malire, manambala ochokera pankhaniyi amapereka mfundo yothandiza: kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma t/h, 96.3% PDI, 2.1 kWh/t, ndi ring die yomwe ili panjira kwa maola 7,000. Kupereka kwa Hongyang pa izi kunali kosavuta: makina opangidwa bwino, operekedwa pa nthawi yake, othandizidwa bwino, komanso ogwira ntchito monga momwe tafotokozera.
Chodzikanira: Kafukufukuyu wachokera pa deta yogwirira ntchito yomwe imagawidwa ndi fakitale yodyetsa makasitomala ndi chilolezo choti ifalitsidwe. Zotsatira za aliyense payekha zimadalira kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe a zinthu zopangira, machitidwe ogwirira ntchito, ndi momwe malo amagwirira ntchito. Hongyang Feed Machinery sikutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito ofanana pamakina onse. Ziwerengero zonse zamakampani zomwe zatchulidwa zimachokera ku deta yomwe ikupezeka pagulu (Eurostat, INS Romania, InfoFerma, FAO Food Outlook 2024) ndipo zikuwonetsa momwe msika udachitikira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2026
