Chigayo Chodyetsa Nkhumba cha ku Belgian Chimawonjezera Kugwirizana kwa Chakudya Choyendayenda ndi Chigayo cha Hongyang Ring Die Pellet

Chidule cha akuluakulu

Mumsika wopikisana wa chakudya cha nkhumba ku Belgium—komwe chakudya cha nkhumba chimayimira theka la matani 6.7 miliyoni a zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa pachaka mdziko muno—ubwino wa pellet umatsimikiza mwachindunji kupambana kwa malonda. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momwe fakitole yodyetsera ya m'badwo wachiwiri ku West Flanders, Belgium, idathetsera mavuto okhalitsa a pellet mu mzere wake wa chakudya cha nkhumba mwa kugwiritsa ntchito Hongyang ring dies ndi HYPM-series pellet mill. Mkati mwa magawo awiri opanga, fakitoleyi idanenanso kusintha koyezeka mu Pellet Durability Index (PDI), kuchepa kwa 60% kwa chindapusa, ndi moyo wa ntchito ya ring die womwe udachulukitsa katatu magwiridwe antchito a dies ake akale opangidwa ku Europe. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe ma compression ratios opangidwa molondola komanso kusinthasintha kwa zitsulo kuchokera ku Hongyang zimasinthira kukhala zotsatira zogwira mtima za magawo apadera a chakudya.

1. Malo Odyera ku Belgian: Kukula ndi Kusankha Bwino

Belgium ili ndi udindo wapadera pazakudya za ziweto ku Ulaya. Malinga ndi bungwe la Belgian Feed Association (BFA), dzikolo linapanga matani 6.7 miliyoni a chakudya chophatikizana mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 3.3% pachaka pambuyo pa zaka zitatu za kuchepa kwa zakudya. Chakudya cha nkhumba chokha chimawerengera pafupifupi 50% ya chiwerengero chonsechi—pafupifupi matani 3.35 miliyoni—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale gawo lalikulu komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kuposa avareji ya ku Ulaya.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumeneku kumathandizidwa ndi makampani ophatikizana. Umembala wa BFA unatsika kuchoka pa makampani 133 kufika pa 125 pakati pa 2023 ndi Epulo 2025, ndipo mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a mabanja akukumana ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu ndi malamulo a nayitrogeni, zoletsa zamalonda, komanso kukwera kwa ndalama zolowera. Komabe m'derali, opanga apadera omwe amatumikira magawo enaake—monga zakudya za ana a nkhumba oyambirira—akupitilizabe kupeza malo okulira posiyanitsa mtundu wa chakudya m'malo mwa mtengo.

Gawo la chakudya cha ana a nkhumba chokwawa ndi lofunika kwambiri. Chakudya cha ana a nkhumba chokwawa ndi chakudya choyamba cholimba chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa ana a nkhumba oyamwa, nthawi zambiri kuyambira tsiku la 7 mpaka 10 la kuyamwitsa mpaka kuyamwa patatha masiku 21 mpaka 28. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse akuwonetsa kuti chakudya cha ana a nkhumba chokwawa chokwawa chimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika ndipo chimawonjezera kudya poyerekeza ndi mitundu yophwanyika kapena yosweka. M'mimba mwake wa ana a nkhumba ndi 2 mpaka 3 mm, ndipo kuuma kwa ana a nkhumba kuyenera kukhala kolimba pogwira ntchito ndi kufewa komwe kumafunikira kuti chakudya cham'mimba cha mwana wa ng'ombe chikhale chopanda kukula.

2. Mphero: Ntchito ya Banja la Flanders

Feri yodyetsera ziweto yomwe yafotokozedwa pano ndi ya m'badwo wachiwiri, yomwe ili ndi mwiniwake wodziyimira pawokha yomwe ili ku West Flanders, pafupifupi makilomita 30 kuchokera kumalire a France. Feriyi imapanga matani pafupifupi 8,000 a chakudya chophatikizana pamwezi, ndipo chakudya cha ana a nkhumba chotchedwa pigle creep ndi weaner chimachititsa 20% ya zonse zomwe zimatuluka—pafupifupi matani 1,600 pamwezi. Feriyi imatumikira maukonde a mafamu a nkhumba pafupifupi 60 ku Flanders ndi kumpoto kwa Wallonia.

Kwa zaka khumi, mphete yochokera ku mphero imafa kuchokera kwa wopanga wotchuka waku Europe. Mafawa amagwira ntchito mokwanira pa chakudya chokhazikika cha alimi ndi omalizira (3.5 mpaka 4.0 mm m'mimba mwake), koma mzere wodyetsera wa creep—wokhala ndi die ya 2.5 mm wokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa 1:8—sunagwire bwino ntchito nthawi zonse. Ogwira ntchito adanenanso za mavuto atatu obwerezabwereza:

- Zilango zopitirira muyeso.Kusanthula kwa sefa pambuyo pochotsa zinyalala kunawonetsa kuti 12–15% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa mu chakudya chomaliza cha creep, zomwe zinali pamwamba kwambiri kuposa cholinga cha mphero cha zosakwana 5%.

- Kulimba kwa ma pellets kosagwirizana.Mitengo ya PDI inasinthasintha pakati pa 88 ndi 93 pa nthawi yonse yokolola, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa kudya chakudya pa famu.

- Utumiki waufupi.Kufa kwa chakudya cha ziweto zolusa kunali kufika kumapeto kwa moyo wawo pa matani 4,000 mpaka 4,500, zomwe zinali zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa matani 6,000 komwe mpheroyo inakonza.

Kuchuluka kwa zilango kunali kowononga kwambiri malonda. Opanga ana a nkhumba adanena kuti fumbi likuchuluka m'machitidwe odyetsera okha, ndipo ena adawona kuchepa kwa kudya kwa ana a nkhumba omwe amadya zilango zomwe zilangozo zimapitirira 10%. Popeza kudya chakudya cha ana a nkhumba asanayamwitse mwana ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha momwe ana angakhalire atatha kuyamwitsa mwana, fakitoleyo idazindikira vutoli ngati chiwopsezo kwa makasitomala ake.

3. Yankho: Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Technology

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2025, manejala wopanga mafakitale adayambitsa kuyesa ndi Hongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang Hongyang) kuti apeze die yosinthira mphete pa creep feed pellet mill, mtundu wa CPM 7726-7. Mafotokozedwe a Hongyang pa die yodyetsa nkhumba ya 2.5 mm inali:

Kusiyana kwakukulu kunali mu metallurgy ndi ma bowo geometry. Aloyi ya Hongyang ya 20CrMnTi yokhala ndi carburizing heat therapy imakwaniritsa kuuma kwa pamwamba pa 60–62 HRC pomwe imasunga pakati pa subsurface yolimba, kupereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri popanda kusweka. Ma variable relief geometry a magawo atatu, omwe adapangidwa mogwirizana ndi gulu la akatswiri a fakitole, cholinga chake chinali kukonza bwino kayendedwe ka pellet compression: malo opanikizika ogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kuti akhale olimba, kutsatiridwa ndi relief yocheperako yochepetsera kufa kwa die plugging pa ma high-fiber creep feed formulations.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Hongyang anapereka malangizo aukadaulo pa magawo a nthunzi yoziziritsira: kutentha kwa mash kwa 78–82 °C ndi chinyezi cha 16–17% pamalo otulutsira conditioner, mzere wocheperako kuposa momwe mpheroyo inkagwirira ntchito kale ya 72–85 °C.

4. Zotsatira: Kusintha Koyezedwa Pa Ma KPI Atatu

Chida choyezera mphete cha ku Hongyang chinayikidwa kumapeto kwa February 2025. Gulu lopanga linachita kafukufuku wokonzedwa bwino wa masiku 30, poyerekeza deta ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo.

Chiyerekezo cha Kukhazikika kwa Pellet (PDI)

PDI idakwera ndi ma point 5.6 peresenti, koma zotsatira zake zazikulu zinali kuchepa kwa gulu laubwino. Kusiyanasiyana kwa PDI—komwe kumayesedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa ma min-max m'magulu 12 owunikira—kutsika kuchoka pa point 5.3 kufika pa 1.3 peresenti. Kwa makasitomala a fakitale, izi zikutanthauza kuti ma pellets anali okhazikika nthawi zonse popereka, kuchotsa madandaulo okhudza khalidwe la batch-to-batch omwe kale anali 40% ya mafoni a makasitomala.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Mphamvu

Mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito inawonjezeka ndi 8.3% pomwe mphamvu zina zinachepa ndi 7.5%. Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya injini kunabwera chifukwa cha kumalizidwa kwa dzenje lopukutidwa, komwe kumachepetsa kukangana kwa makoma panthawi yotulutsa ma pellet. Pa mphamvu ya mphero ya €0.14/kWh, ndalama zosungira mphamvu zokha zinasanduka pafupifupi €380 pamwezi pa mzere wopezera chakudya cha creep.

Imfa Moyo wa Utumiki

Pofika mu June 2026, Hongyang ring die inali itakonza matani opitilira 14,000 a chakudya cha creep ndipo inali ikugwirabe ntchito bwino pa mulifupi wa dzenje (woyezedwa pa 2.52–2.54 mm pa mfundo 12 za zitsanzo). Izi zikuyimira nthawi yogwira ntchito yoposa katatu kuposa nthawi ya ntchito ya woperekayo wakale (matani 4,000–4,500). Nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchitoyo inachepetsa kusintha kwa ma die kuchoka pa pafupifupi anayi pachaka kufika pa chimodzi, zomwe zinapulumutsa maola pafupifupi 24 a nthawi yopuma pachaka komanso pafupifupi €900 pantchito komanso kutayika kwa ntchito pa kusintha kulikonse komwe sikunachitike.

5. Zotsatira za Makasitomala: Zimene Alimi a Nkhumba Anazindikira

Kampaniyo inafufuza makasitomala ake 25 odyetsa ana a nkhumba milungu isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo poti Hongyang yayamba kupanga zonse.

- Kuchepetsa zinyalala za chakudya.Mafamu 19 mwa 25 (76%) adanena kuti fumbi lochepa kwambiri m'ma creep feeders ndi mizere yodyetsera yokha. Ambiri adanenanso kuti kutayika kwa chakudya kunachepa ndi 5-8%, zomwe pa ntchito yanthawi zonse ya 500-sow farrow-to-wean ingakhale €600–€1,200 mu ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pachaka.

- Kusasinthasintha kwa kudya.Mafamu 17 adawona kuti ana a nkhumba amaoneka kuti amadya chakudya cha nkhanu mofanana pakati pa ana a nkhumba, ndipo nthawi zambiri "kusanja bwino" komwe ana a nkhumba amachotsa fumbi kuti lifike pa tinthu ta nkhanu.

- Kusintha kwa kuyamwa.Gulu la akatswiri pantchito yokonza mbewu linatsata deta ya nthawi yosiya kuyamwa mpaka ku estrus kuchokera m'mafamu asanu omwe adapempha kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Deta yoyamba idawonetsa kusintha pang'ono pa kulemera kwa kuyamwa, ngakhale kuti chitsanzocho chinali chaching'ono kwambiri ndipo nthawi yowonera inali yochepa kwambiri kuti isiyanitse kusiyana kwa khalidwe la pellets kuchokera ku zinthu zanyengo ndi kasamalidwe.

Ngakhale kuti zomwe zapezeka pa famuyi ndi zabwino, zikugwirizana ndi zomwe kafukufuku wapeza kuti ubwino wa ma pellets umakhudza mwachindunji kudya chakudya cha anapiye, komanso kukula kwa ana asanayambe kuyamwa.

6. Kusiyana kwa Hongyang: Kulanga Njira Kumbuyo kwa Manambala

Zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa pano sizili zotsatira za ukadaulo umodzi koma za njira yokhazikika yopangira kapangidwe ka mphete ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Njira ya Hongyang yogwirizana ndi nkhaniyi ikuphatikizapo:

- Chithandizo cha kutentha cha vacuum carburizing.Imapereka kuya kofanana kwa chivundikiro cholimba (0.8–1.2 mm pa aloyi ya 20CrMnTi) yokhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera mpweya, kuchepetsa kusokonekera poyerekeza ndi carburizing yamlengalenga.

- Kumaliza dzenje lobooledwa ndi mfuti.Kulekerera kolimba kwa diametric (± 0.05 mm) ndi kuuma pang'ono pamwamba (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) poyerekeza ndi mabowo obooledwa mwachizolowezi, kuchepetsa kukangana kwa makoma ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa ma pellet.

- Kapangidwe ka chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa ntchito yeniyeni.Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi inagwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha 1:8 cha chakudya chokwawa, mainjiniya a ku Hongyang adagwiritsa ntchito tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake—kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ulusi, kuphatikiza mafuta, ndi kuuma kwa cholinga—kuti atsimikizire chiŵerengerocho asanapange.

- Kujambula kuuma kwa zinthu musanatumize.Chida chilichonse chimayesedwa kuuma kwa Rockwell pa mfundo zosachepera 18 pankhope zonse ziwiri komanso mkati mwake, ndipo zotsatira zake zimalembedwa mu satifiketi yaubwino yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kutumiza.

Kwa fakitole yaku Belgian, kuphatikizaku kunasandulika kukhala zinthu zitatu zofunika kwa manejala aliyense wopanga: mtundu wokhazikika wa ma pellet, mtengo wotsika wogwirira ntchito, komanso njira zochepa zosakonzekera.

7. Mapeto

Nkhani ya ku Flanders ikuwonetsa kuti ukadaulo wa mphete wopangidwa mwaluso umapereka kupanga koyezeka komanso phindu la malonda mu gawo lofunikira la chakudya cha ana a nkhumba. Mpheroyi idapeza PDI yoposa 95%, chindapusa chochepera 5%, komanso moyo wautumiki wopitilira matani 14,000—zonsezi zikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zinazake ndi zoposa 7%. Zotsatirazi sizinafunikire kukonzanso kapena kuyika ndalama, koma kusintha kwa ogulitsa.

Mu msika wophatikiza chakudya ku Belgium, komwe opanga 125 amapikisana kuti akhale ndi makasitomala ochepa komanso olamulidwa bwino, kudalirika pantchito komanso khalidwe labwino la zinthu ndizo maziko a kukhulupirika kwa makasitomala. Pa fakitale iyi ya mabanja, Hongyang's ring die yakhala yothandiza kwambiri pazinthu zonse ziwiri.

*Magwero a deta: Ziwerengero za pachaka za Belgian Feed Association (BFA) 2024 kudzera pa Vilt/Boerenbusiness; Prairie Swine Centre “Creep Feeding Handbook” (2025); deta yopangidwa yomwe inanenedwa ndi fakitale yodyetsa chakudya yomwe ili ndi chilolezo chofalitsa uthenga wosadziwika.*