Chidule cha akuluakulu
Kupanga nyama ya nkhuku ku Saudi Arabia kunafika pafupifupi matani 1.3 miliyoni mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 12.9% pachaka chifukwa cha lamulo la chitetezo cha chakudya la Vision 2030 lofuna 80% ya nkhuku zokha (GASTAT, 2024). Kukula kumeneku kumabweretsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa opanga chakudya, makamaka m'miyezi yachilimwe pomwe kutentha kwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 45°C. Al-Riyadh Feed Industries (dzina losatchulidwa ndi pempho la kasitomala), imodzi mwa opanga nkhuku zisanu zapamwamba kwambiri ku Kingdom omwe ali ndi chakudya chapadera chaka chilichonse chopitilira matani 280,000, adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu pakupanga: kulimba kwa pellets kunachepa nthawi zonse panthawi ya kutentha kwa Meyi-Seputembala, kutsika kufika pa 91-92% PDI (Pellet Durability Index) poyerekeza ndi muyezo wamkati wa kampaniyo wa ≥96%.
Pakati pa chaka cha 2024, kampaniyo idakonzanso mizere yake iwiri yayikulu ya pellet mill ndi ma Hongyang HYPM-series ring die assemblies ndi ma roller shells ofanana. Mkati mwa masiku 90 oyamba ogwira ntchito mpaka nthawi yachilimwe, mizereyo idapeza PDI yokhazikika ya 98.2% (± 0.5), idachotsa zochitika zotenthedwa ndi kutentha, ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi ring die replacement ndi pafupifupi 35% poyerekeza ndi ma die omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ku Europe. Kafukufukuyu akuwunika zovuta zaukadaulo za ma pellet otentha kwambiri, mayankho a Hongyang aukadaulo, ndi zotsatira zomwe zingatheke kuwerengedwa.
Mbiri ya Makampani ndi Makasitomala
Saudi Arabia imagwira ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi kutentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi popangira ziweto zambiri. Bungwe Loona za Ziwerengero la General Authority for Statistics linanena kuti chigawo cha Riyadh chokha chinapanga matani 359,700 a nyama ya nkhuku mu 2024, kutsatiridwa ndi Hail (matani 295,000) ndi Qassim (matani 200,000). Chakudya chimayimira 60-70% ya ndalama zonse zopangira nkhuku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa pellet ukhale wosiyana kwambiri ndi zachuma.
Al-Riyadh Feed Industries imagwira ntchito ndi mafakitale atatu odyetsera ziweto omwe ali m'chigawo chapakati omwe amadyetsa minda 42 yogulitsa nkhuku. Kapangidwe kake ka chakudya chomaliza cha nkhuku ndi chimanga ndi soya chokhala ndi mainchesi a pellet a 3.0 mm, chomwe chimayang'ana kutentha kwa pellet pansi pa 88°C pamalo ozizira. Hongyang isanakonzedwenso, kampaniyo inali ndi vuto la nyengo yobwerezabwereza: pamene kutentha kwa malo kunakwera kupitirira 38°C (nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa Meyi), magalimoto a pellet mill anayamba kusakhazikika, kutentha kwa pamwamba kunakwera kupitirira 95°C, ndipo PDI yomalizidwa ya pellet inatsika pansi pa 96% yofunikira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa chakudya pamlingo wa famu.
Zotsatira zake zachuma zinali zoyezeka. Deta ya makampani ochokera ku International Poultry Research Institute ikusonyeza kuti kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1% kwa PDI kukugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 0.4-0.6% kwa kutayika kwa chakudya m'machitidwe odyetsera m'madzi - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi matani 1,100-1,700 a chakudya amatayika pachaka pa sikelo ya Al-Riyadh pomwe PDI imatsika nyengo iliyonse.
Vuto: Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Ubwino wa Pellet
Kupaka chakudya cha nkhuku kumagwira ntchito mkati mwa zenera laling'ono la thermodynamic. Kutentha koyenera kwa mash conditioner kumakhala pakati pa 75-90°C, ndipo kutentha kotuluka m'thupi kumakhala koyenera kufika pa 80-90°C. Kupitirira 95°C, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa mavitamini otentha (A, D, E, K) ndi ma amino acid opangidwa (lysine, methionine) kumafulumira kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, Maillard reaction pakati pa kuchepetsa shuga ndi ma amino acid omasuka imayamba kumangirira lysine m'ma complexes osagayidwa bwino, zomwe zimachepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe ilipo (Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2019).
Ku mphero za Al-Riyadh, kutentha kwa chilimwe kunayambitsa njira zitatu zolepheretsa kuphatikizika:
1. Kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yoziziritsira: Mpweya wolowera pa 45°C unachepetsa kutentha kwa choziziritsira chomwe chimalowa m'malo mwake, zomwe zinalepheretsa kuti ma pellets asafike kutentha komwe kukufunika kwa 5°C kuposa komwe kulipo. Ma pellets omwe ankatuluka m'malo otentha kwambiri ankasunga chinyezi chotsalira ndipo ankafewa akamasunga.
2. Kutentha kwa mpweya: Pa kutentha kwa 45°C komwe kumapitirira, mphamvu ya mpweya wotulutsa kutentha ya pellet mphero inapitirira. Kutentha kwa pamwamba pa mphero kunakwera kupitirira 95°C mkati mwa mphindi 45 zoyambirira za ntchito yopitilira, zomwe zinayambitsa kuzimitsa kwa PLC ya mpheroyo.
3. Kutsetsereka kwa chipolopolo cha roller: Kutentha kwakukulu kunachepetsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito yolimbana pakati pa pamwamba pa chipolopolo cha roller ndi matope okonzedwa bwino, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti roller itsetsereke pang'onopang'ono, kufalikira kwa zinthu zosafanana pankhope ya roller, komanso mawonekedwe a mavalidwe a die m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira zake zonse: pellet PDI inatsika kufika pa 91.2% (yomwe inayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ASAE S269.4 yodumphira), kutayika kwa chakudya m'mafamu kunawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 2.8%, ndipo fakitaleyo inakakamizika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi 15-20% nthawi yotentha kwambiri kuti ipewe kutsekedwa. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya ring die - yomwe inali kale yovutitsidwa ndi silika mu chimanga chochokera m'deralo - inatsika kuchoka pa maola 3,500 ogwira ntchito m'nyengo yozizira kufika pa maola 2,200-2,500 m'chilimwe.
Hongyang Solution
Pambuyo pa kafukufuku waukadaulo womwe unachitikira limodzi ndi gulu la Hongyang la mainjiniya ogwiritsira ntchito, kusintha kwa magawo atatu kunachitika m'mizere iwiri ya pellet mill:
1. Mphete Yoyenera Kwambiri Yokhala ndi Chiŵerengero Chokwanira Chokakamiza
Hongyang adatchula die ya mphete ya mainchesi 3.0 mm yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika cha 1:12.5 — yolinganizidwa kuti igwirizane ndi kapangidwe kake ka broiler finisher (chimanga-soya ufa wokhala ndi mafuta owonjezera 3.2% ndi chinyezi cha 14.5% chomwe chimayikidwa pambuyo pokonza). Zida za die zinali X46Cr13 (DIN 1.4034 / Chinese 4Cr13) martensitic stainless steel, yokonzedwa kudzera mu vacuum hardening pa 1,050-1,080°C kutsatiridwa ndi double tempering pa 220-240°C kuti pakhale kuuma kofanana kwa HRC 52-54 kudutsa die track yonse.
Mwachidule, ukadaulo wa mabowo opangidwa ndi mfuti wa Hongyang — pogwiritsa ntchito kuboola mabowo akuya a CNC okhala ndi kulekerera kwa malo a ±0.02 mm — unapanga kufanana kwa mainchesi a mabowo kupita ku mabowo komwe kumayesedwa pa kusiyana kwa ≤15 μm. Kulondola kumeneku kumachepetsa kukana kwa kayendedwe ka madzi kosiyana pankhope ya mabowo, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga kuchuluka kwa ma pellets nthawi zonse pansi pa kutentha kosinthasintha. Malo aliwonse olowera mabowo opangidwa ndi ma die hole anali ndi chamfer yocheperako pa 60° kuti achepetse kukana kulowa kwa zinthu, zomwe zimachepetsa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (kWh/ton) komwe kumafunika kuti pakhale mapangidwe a ma pellet.
2. Msonkhano wa Chipolopolo Chozungulira Chofanana ndi Kapangidwe ka Zimbalangondo Zotentha Kwambiri
Hongyang adapereka zipolopolo zofanana zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha 20CrMnTi chokhala ndi kuya kwa 2.0-2.2 mm ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba kwa HRC 60-62. Kapangidwe ka corrugation kanapangidwa ndi 1.2 mm groove pitch ndi 0.8 mm groove kuya, kokonzedwa bwino kuti zinthu zigwire bwino kwambiri mu broiler phala yopanda kupsinjika kwambiri komanso yokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Cholumikizira cha roller chinali ndi ma bearing ozungulira ozungulira otentha kwambiri (ofanana ndi SKF Explorer-class, omwe ali ndi kutentha kopitilira 120°C), m'malo mwa ma bearing wamba omwe adawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi kuphulika msanga panthawi yopanga chilimwe. Chisindikizo cha masitepe ambiri chokhala ndi zinthu za PTFE lip chinaletsa kulowa kwa ma fines, vector yofala kwambiri pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono totentha, touma timene timalowa m'nyumba zosungiramo ma bearing.
3. Ndondomeko Yowerengera Mpata wa Die-Roller
Gulu la akatswiri la Hongyang linakhazikitsa mpata wa 0.40 mm (± 0.05 mm), woyezedwa wozizira ndi geuge ya feeler pamalo asanu ndi limodzi ofanana mozungulira circumference ya die. Kufotokozera kwa mpata wocheperako kuposa muyezo kumeneku kumathandizira pang'ono kukula kwa kutentha pa kutentha kwa ntchito: pa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa die 85°C, X46Cr13 die imakula mwachangu pafupifupi 0.08-0.12 mm (coefficient of thermal expansion ≈10.5 × 10⁻⁶/K), zomwe zimathandiza kutseka mpata wozizira kufika pa 0.28-0.35 mm pa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Njira yokonzekera izi isanamalize imaletsa mpatawo kuti usakhale waukulu kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe zikanachepetsa mphamvu yokakamiza pa phala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa pellet.
Deta Yopanga ndi Zotsatira
Deta ya magwiridwe antchito inasonkhanitsidwa kwa masiku 90 owunikira (Juni-Ogasiti 2025, nthawi yachilimwe chapamwamba) m'mizere yonse iwiri yokonzedwanso, ndipo magwiridwe antchito achilimwe chapitacho (Juni-Ogasiti 2024) anali ngati maziko.
| Parameter | Baseline (Chilimwe cha 2024) | Hongyang Retrofit (Chilimwe cha 2025) | Kupititsa patsogolo |
| Avereji ya PDI (ASAE S269.4) | 91.2% | 98.2% (± 0.5%) | +7.0 peresenti |
| Kutentha kwa pamwamba pa nthaka (kukhazikika) | 94-98°C | 85-89°C | -9°C avareji |
| Kutentha kwa madzi otuluka mu pellet (pambuyo pozizira) | 36-40°C | 29-33°C | -7°C |
| Kuzimitsa kokhazikika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha (pamwezi) | Zochitika 8-12 | Zochitika 0 | Kuchotsa 100% |
| Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi ya kutentha kwambiri (mosiyana ndi nyengo yozizira) | -18% | -3% | Kubwezeretsa kwa 15 peresenti |
| Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya mphete (yoyerekezeredwa, yoyerekezeredwa) | Maola 2,200-2,500 | Maola 3,400-3,800 (yoyerekezeredwa) | +52% yoyerekezeredwa |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yeniyeni (kWh/tani) | 18.7 | 17.2 | -8% |
| Kutayika kwa chakudya pa famu (% ya chakudya choperekedwa) | 4.8% | 1.9% | -60% kuchepetsa |
| Zilango zoperekedwa pa famu (<2 mm sefa) | 8.5% | 1.7% | -80% kuchepetsa |
Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito kunali kuchotsa kwathunthu kutseka kwadzidzidzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha. M'chilimwe cha 2024, chochitika chilichonse chotseka chidafunika mphindi pafupifupi 25-35 za nthawi yopuma - kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa die, kuyambitsanso, ndi kuyeretsa zinthu - zomwe zidapangitsa kuti maola 15-20 a nthawi yotayika yopangira pamwezi awonongeke. Popeza palibe zochitika zotseka zomwe zidalembedwa munthawi yowunikira ya 2025, nthawi yonse yopangira yomwe ilipo idakwera ndi pafupifupi 8%.
Kukonza kulimba kwa mapellets kunabweretsa zabwino zachuma zomwe zinaposa zomwe zinkayembekezeredwa. Kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe zinalipo pa ntchito yopereka chakudya pafamu kuchokera pa 8.5% mpaka 1.7% kunapangitsa kuti chakudya chichepe kwambiri m'machitidwe odyetsera okha. Pamlingo wopangidwa ndi kasitomala wa matani 280,000 pachaka, kuchepetsa kwa 60% kumeneku kwa chakudya chomwe chinawonongeka pafamu kumayimira matani pafupifupi 8,100 a chakudya chomwe chinasungidwa pachaka - chofanana ndi pafupifupi $2.8 miliyoni pamitengo ya chakudya cha m'madera osiyanasiyana (USDA GAIN Report, 2024 Saudi feed cost benchmark).
Kuwunika kwa Makasitomala
Woyang'anira ntchito yopanga zomera anapereka ndemanga zotsatirazi panthawi yowunikira pambuyo pa kuwunika:
Kusonkhana kwa mphete ya Hongyang ndi ma roller kunachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso wathu waukadaulo. Nkhawa yathu yayikulu mu chilimwe inali yoti mphete iliyonse — mosasamala kanthu za komwe inachokera — ikhoza kusunga khalidwe lofanana la pellet pamene mpweya wozungulira ukulowa mu cooler woyerekeza ndi 45°C. 98.2% PDI yomwe tinapeza sinapitirire cholinga chathu cha chilimwe cha 96% komanso inafanana kapena inapitirira malire athu a nyengo yozizira. Kuchotsa kutsekedwa kwa ma die kokha kunalungamitsa ndalama zomwe tinayika. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zinazake kunali bonasi yosayembekezereka.
— Woyang'anira Zopanga, Al-Riyadh Feed Industries (Central Region Mill)
Woyang'anira zogula za kampaniyo adanenanso kuti mitengo ya Hongyang ya mphete inali yocheperako ndi 35% kuposa yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ku Europe, pomwe idakwaniritsa moyo wofanana kapena wapamwamba kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe ku Saudi Arabia. Zotsatira zake zonse - moyo wautali, mtengo wotsika wogulira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso mtundu wapamwamba wa ma pellet - zidapanga phindu lowerengedwa pa ndalama zomwe zayikidwa mkati mwa miyezi 7.5.
Mapeto
Nkhani ya Al-Riyadh ikuwonetsa kuti ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi ring die wopangidwa bwino wochokera ku Hongyang ukhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zofunika pakupanga chakudya cha nkhuku chotentha kwambiri m'chigawo cha Gulf. Zinthu zitatu zaukadaulo zinathandizira kuti izi zitheke:
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya zinthu: Chotsukira cha X46Cr13 choumitsidwa ndi vacuum pa HRC 52-54 chokhala ndi dzenje lobooledwa ndi mfuti la CNC chikuyimira denga labwino lomwe lingapezeke pamakina odyetsera nkhuku pamlingo waukadaulo wazitsulo womwe ulipo pano.
2. Kuyesa mipata yodziwika ndi kutentha: Kuyesa mipata yozizira ya die-roller musanagwiritse ntchito kuti kutentha kukule pa kutentha kogwirira ntchito ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yokhudza kwambiri yomwe mafakitole odyetsera chakudya m'malo otentha ayenera kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito.
3. Kuphatikiza kwa makina ogwirizana: Chigoba cha mphete, chipolopolo cha roller, ndi kapangidwe ka bearing zinapangidwa ngati njira yogwirizanitsa kutentha m'malo mwa zigawo zodziyimira pawokha - njira yomwe imasiyanitsa mayankho opangidwa ndi mapulogalamu ndi zinthu zoperekedwa ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kwa opanga zakudya za ziweto omwe amagwira ntchito ku Middle East, North Africa, ndi madera ena otentha kwambiri, zotsatira za Al-Riyadh zimapereka chizindikiro chodziwikiratu: 98.2% PDI yokhala ndi kutsekedwa kosayambitsidwa ndi kutentha imatha kuchitika pamlingo wamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolondola wa ring die.
Magwero a deta: GASTAT Livestock Statistics 2024; IMARC Group Saudi Arabia Compound Feed Market Report 2024; USDA GAIN Report SA2024-0002; Journal of Applied Poultry Research (2019) Vol. 28, Nkhani 4; ASAE Standard S269.4; Deta yaukadaulo wa ntchito zamkati ku Hongyang, nthawi yowunikira ya June-Ogasiti 2025.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-30-2026
