Kupanga Ma Pellet Okhazikika Pamsika Wokulira wa Zakudya za Ruminant ku Kazakhstan: Kafukufuku wa Hongyang Ring Die Pellet Mill

Chidule cha akuluakulu

Makampani opanga chakudya cha ziweto ku Kazakhstan akusintha kwambiri. Mu 2025, dzikolo linapanga pafupifupi matani 3.7 miliyoni a chakudya cha ziweto za pafamu—kuwonjezeka kwa 54% poyerekeza ndi 2024, malinga ndi ziwerengero zovomerezeka zomwe zanenedwa ndi APK-Inform. Chigawo cha Kostanay, chimodzi mwa zigawo zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga chakudya cha ziweto mdzikolo, chinachulukitsa kawiri kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chinapangidwa kuchokera pa matani 501,000 kufika pa matani opitilira 1.05 miliyoni panthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha kukula kwa ziweto zapakhomo komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kutumiza kunja kuchokera ku China, komwe kunatenga 99.1% ya matani 1.7 miliyoni a chakudya cha ziweto ku Kazakhstan m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya 2025.

Mu malo okulirapo awa, mphero yodyetsa yapakatikati m'chigawo cha Kostanay—yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito matani pafupifupi 40,000 a chakudya cha ziweto chaka chilichonse cha ng'ombe ndi nkhosa—inakumana ndi vuto lalikulu pakupanga. Mphero yake yakale ya pellet sinathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zopititsira patsogolo popanda kuwononga ubwino wa pellet, ndipo nthawi zosinthira die zinachepetsedwa kufika pamlingo wosakwanira. Pakati pa 2025, mpheroyo inakhazikitsa mphero ya Hongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet yomwe idapangidwira chakudya cha ziweto. M'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yotsatira, mpheroyo inalemba kuwonjezeka kwa 31% kwa throughput ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kusintha koyezeka kwa pellet durability index, ndi kukulitsa nthawi ya ntchito ya ring die ndi kupitirira 40%. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe ntchito ikuyendera, njira yaukadaulo, ndi deta ya magwiridwe antchito yomwe yawonedwa.

Makampani Ogulitsa Zakudya Zakuthengo ku Kazakhstan: Nkhani ndi Kukula

Malo a ulimi ku Kazakhstan amatanthauzidwa ndi kukula kwake. Popeza ndi dziko lachisanu ndi chinayi pa kukula kwake padziko lonse lapansi, lili ndi malo olima okwana mahekitala 180 miliyoni, omwe malo odyetserako ziweto amakhala pafupifupi 70%. Gulu la ng'ombe mdzikolo, lomwe likuyerekezeredwa kuti ndi 8.5 miliyoni mu 2024, ndipo nkhosa zake ndi pafupifupi 20 miliyoni, zikuyimira kufunikira kwakukulu komanso kokulirapo kwa chakudya chophatikizana.

M'mbuyomu, gawo la ziweto ku Kazakhstan linkadalira kwambiri udzu wambiri, ndipo chakudya chowonjezera chimangoperekedwa m'miyezi yozizira yokha. Zinthu zitatu zachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu m'zaka khumi zapitazi:

Choyamba, mfundo za boma. Pulogalamu ya Boma la Kazakhstan Yothandizira Kukula kwa Malo Ogulitsa Zaulimi, yomwe ikugwira ntchito mpaka chaka cha 2026, ikuphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira ntchito zodyetsa ziweto komanso kumanga mafakitale odyetsera ziweto, cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera gawo la ng'ombe zomalizidwa bwino kuchokera pansi pa 15% kufika pa 30%.

Chachiwiri, zofunikira pamsika wotumiza kunja. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha ku Kazakhstan chomwe chimatumizidwa kunja chimapita ku China, komwe chitetezo cha chakudya ndi miyezo yaubwino yakhala ikukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono. Ogulitsa ku China amafunikira kwambiri miyezo yolembedwa ya khalidwe la pellet—chiwerengero cha kulimba kwa pellet, kufanana kwa chinyezi, ndi kusowa kwa ndalama—miyezo yovuta kukwaniritsa nthawi zonse ndi zida zosungira pellet zakale.

Chachitatu, kufunika kwa nyengo. Kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, kuphatikizapo dera la Kostanay, kumakhala ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri ku kontinenti ndipo kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi pa madigiri Celsius 30. Pa nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yodyetsa ziweto m'nyengo yozizira, pamene ziweto zimakhala zotsekeredwa ndipo zimadalira chakudya chosungidwa, ubwino wa pellets umakhala chizindikiro cha momwe ziweto zimagwirira ntchito. Pellets zomwe zimasweka panthawi yosamalira ziweto zimapanga ndalama zomwe ng'ombe zimasankha ndikukana, zomwe zimawonjezera zinyalala za ziweto pamene malire a ziweto ayamba kale kukakamizidwa ndi ndalama zotenthetsera ndi nyumba.

Mphero ndi Vuto Lake

Malo odyetsera ziweto omwe akukambidwawa amapereka malo ambiri odyetsera ng'ombe za ng'ombe ndi ntchito zomalizitsa nkhosa mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita 150 kuchokera mumzinda wa Kostanay. Mapangidwe ake ali ndi mitundu iwiri: chakudya chomalizitsa ng'ombe chochokera ku barele, chimanga cha tirigu, ufa wa mpendadzuwa, ndi mineral premix, ndi chakudya cha alimi a nkhosa chophatikizapo ufa wa alfalfa, barele, ndi ufa wa thonje.

Mzere wopangira ma pellet womwe ulipo kale mu fakitoleyi—mphero yopangira ma pellet yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mdziko muno mu 2012—unafika kumapeto kwa nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito zachuma. Dipatimenti yoyang'anira ubwino inalemba nkhani zotsatirazi m'chaka cha 2024 chogwira ntchito:

Nthawi yosinthira mphete ya die inafupikitsidwa kufika pa maola pafupifupi 600 ogwirira ntchito, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yoyambirira ya wopanga ya maola 1,200. Kuwonongeka kwa die kunaonekera ngati kukulitsa mabowo pang'onopang'ono, komwe kunawonjezera chiŵerengero chogwira ntchito cha kupsinjika ndikukweza mphamvu yofunikira pa tani imodzi ya ma pellets opangidwa.

Chizindikiro cha kulimba kwa ma pellet, chomwe chinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Holmen tester (njira ya pneumatic), chinatsika kuchoka pa 93–94% yovomerezeka kufika pa 88–90%. Kwa makasitomala odyetsera ng'ombe a fakitole, omwe adalandira ma pellet ambiri ndikuwanyamula m'mathireyala odulira m'misewu yopanda miyala, kuchuluka kwa chindapusa kunasanduka kukana kwa nyama pamalo odyetsera ziweto komanso kuwonjezeka kofanana kwa mtengo pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya kulemera kwa moyo.

Kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe kunatsika kuchoka pa matani 8 pa ola kufika pa matani 6.2 pa ola limodzi pa chakudya cha ng'ombe, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu pakupanga ng'ombe panthawi yolamula nthawi yozizira isanafike kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala, pomwe mphero nthawi zambiri inkagwira ntchito maola 20-22 patsiku.

Nthawi yogwira ntchito yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa makina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thupi inali pafupifupi maola 12 pamwezi, kapena maola pafupifupi 144 opanga omwe amatayika pachaka.

Kapangidwe ka Hongyang Pellet Mill

Pambuyo pa kuwunika kwaukadaulo komwe kunaphatikizapo kusanthula kwa zitsulo za die metallurgy, kufunsa za kuchuluka kwa compression ratio, ndi kutsimikizira malo ofotokozera, fakitoleyo inasankha fakitole ya Hongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet yomwe inali ndi matani 8–12 pa ola limodzi pa ma formulations a ruminant. Makinawa adayikidwa mu Meyi 2025. Zinthu zingapo zopangidwa ndi kapangidwe ndi kupanga zidatsimikizira kuti magwiridwe antchito ake ndi abwino:

Kuchiza ndi Kutenthetsa ndi Zitsulo za Ring Die: Chophimba cha mphete chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi mphero chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo za alloy (kalasi 4Cr13 kapena zofanana, kutengera momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito), ndi njira yolimbitsira vacuum yomwe imakwaniritsa kuuma kwa pamwamba pa 58-60 HRC pomwe imasunga kulimba kwapakati kuti isasweke pansi pa kudzaza kwa cyclic komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi wambiri. Mabowo a chophimbacho amabowoledwa ndi mfuti kenako amawongoleredwa mpaka pamwamba pa Ra 0.8 μm kapena kupitirira apo pakhoma lamkati, kuchepetsa kukangana panthawi yotulutsa pellet ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu komanso mphamvu.

Kusankha Chiŵerengero cha Kupsinjika kwa Chakudya cha Nyama Zoweta: Kutengera ndi mitundu yeniyeni ya mphero—yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi 18–22% ya ulusi wosaphikidwa kuchokera ku makoko a barele, ufa wa mpendadzuwa, ndi alfalfa—mainjiniya a Hongyang adalimbikitsa chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika cha 1:9 mpaka 1:10 pa chakudya cha ng'ombe ndi 1:7 mpaka 1:8 pa chakudya cha nkhosa chokhala ndi ulusi wapamwamba. Ma ratio awa akuwonetsa mfundo yaukadaulo yakuti chakudya cha ulusi wapamwamba chimafuna kupsinjika kochepa kuti chipewe kupanikizika kwambiri kwa die, kupanga kutentha, ndi kuzizira pamwamba pa die—mkhalidwe womwe chakudya chotentha kwambiri chimapanga wosanjikiza wolimba womwe umatseka mabowo a die ndikukakamiza kuyimitsidwa kosakonzedwa. Ma ring die osiyana adaperekedwa pa fomula iliyonse, ndi ma compression ratio olembedwa ndi laser pa thupi la die kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka Roller Assembly: Zipolopolo za ma roller za pellet mill zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu womwewo wa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi alloy monga mphete, ndi mtundu wofanana wa kuuma womwe umatsimikizira kuwonongeka kofanana pakati pa zigawo ziwirizi. Kuwonongeka kosagwirizana—kumene ma roller amawonongeka mofulumira kuposa mphete kapena mosemphanitsa—ndi chifukwa chofala cha kuchepa kwa khalidwe la pellet pakati pa nthawi yokonza, pamene kusiyana pakati pa roller ndi pamwamba pa mphete kumakulirakulira ndipo kuthamanga kwa extrusion kumakhala kosagwirizana. Njira yofanana imasunga mawonekedwe ofanana a nip-point nthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito.

Kuyendetsa Sitima Moyenera ndi Kuyendetsa Bwino Magalimoto: Mpheroyi imagwiritsa ntchito bokosi lolemera lokhala ndi magiya ozungulira olimba, olumikizidwa molunjika ku mota ya IE3-class high-efficiency. Oyang'anira fakitoleyi adawerengera kuti phindu la injini ya IE3 la 2-3 peresenti yogwira ntchito bwino kuposa injini ya IE1 pamakina omwe adasinthidwa libweza ndalama zowonjezera mkati mwa miyezi pafupifupi 14 pamtengo wamagetsi a mafakitale ku Kazakhstan wa 22-25 KZT pa kWh (pafupifupi USD 0.045-0.052).

Zotsatira za Ntchito: Deta Yogwira Ntchito ya Miyezi Isanu ndi Itatu

Deta yotsatirayi idasonkhanitsidwa ndi dipatimenti yopanga mafakitale kuyambira mu June 2025 mpaka Januwale 2026 (miyezi isanu ndi itatu), poyerekeza ndi nthawi yofanana mu 2024:

Zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe kunapitirira kuchuluka kwa nkhosa ndi maperesenti 6.1, mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi wa kapangidwe ka nkhosa komwe kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa pellets mosasamala kanthu za luso la makina. Ichi ndi chuma chachilengedwe, osati malire a zida.

Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 15% m'mafakitale onse awiri kukutsatira kwambiri zomwe makampani akuyerekeza kuti mphamvuyo ikugwira ntchito bwino posintha kuchoka pa makina a pellet omwe akhalapo zaka khumi kupita ku makina amakono okhala ndi mphete yodziwika bwino. Pa kuchuluka kwa matani 40,000 omwe amapanga pachaka, izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 92,000 kWh imasungidwa pachaka - pafupifupi 4.2 miliyoni KZT pamitengo yamafakitale yomwe ilipo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya ring die kuchokera pa maola 600 mpaka 880 kukuyimira kusintha kwa 46.7%. Woyang'anira kupanga wa fakitoleyo adawona kuti phindu lenileni lazachuma lili lochepa pamtengo wotsika kuposa nthawi yopewera: kusintha kulikonse kwa die kumatenga maola 6-8, ndipo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kuchokera pafupifupi 14 pachaka kufika pa 9 kumachotsa maola ena 30-40 pachaka.

Chifukwa Chake Ubwino wa Ring Die Ndi Wofunika pa Chakudya cha Ruminant

Kusunga chakudya cha ziweto kumabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi nkhuku kapena chakudya cha m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa ulusi—nthawi zambiri ulusi wosaphikidwa ndi 15–25% poyerekeza ndi 3–5% ya chakudya cha nkhuku—kumatanthauza kuti ufawo uyenera kupirira zinthu zokhuthala komanso mphamvu zambiri zotulutsira.

Kugwirizana pakati pa ulusi ndi pamwamba pa ufa ndi kwamakina osati kwa mankhwala: ulusi wa cellulose ndi hemicellulose supanga pulasitiki panthawi yokonza monga momwe zimakhalira ndi starch. Umadutsa m'mabowo a ufa ngati nyumba zosasinthika, kumakuta makoma a mabowo ndikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono milingo yogwira ntchito. Pamene milingo ikuwonjezeka, chiŵerengero chogwira ntchito chokakamiza chimachepa, ndipo mphamvu ya chitsulo yopanga ma pellets olimba imachepa. Kulimba kwa chitsulo cha mphete—makamaka kufanana kwa kuuma kudzera mu makulidwe onse a chitsulo—ndicho chimayambitsa moyo wa ntchito mu ntchito zoweta.

Njira yolimbitsira vacuum ya Hongyang, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zolimba nthawi zonse m'thupi la munthu osati pamalo ogwirira ntchito okha, imayang'ana mwachindunji njira yolephera iyi. Kuwonjezeka kwa 46.7% kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito yomwe imapezeka ku mphero ya Kostanay kukugwirizana ndi zomwe metallurgy imaneneratu za zitsulo zotayidwa pa chakudya chapakati cha fiber ruminant.

Phindu lina ndi kuchepa kwa kuuma kwa ma pellet m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Ndi makina akale, kulimba kwa ma pellet kumatha kusiyana ndi ma point 3-4 peresenti pakati pa die yatsopano yomwe yayikidwa ndi nthawi imodzi yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. Die yatsopanoyi yachepetsa kuchuluka kumeneku kufika pa ma point 1.5 peresenti—kupangitsa kuti kutsimikizika kwa khalidwe kukhale kosavuta komanso kuchepetsa madandaulo a makasitomala.

Kukhutitsidwa kwa Makasitomala ndi Ndemanga za Feedlot

Makasitomala a fakitole yomwe ili pansi pa fakitoleyi—malo odyetsera ng'ombe ndi ntchito zomaliza za nkhosa zomwe zimagula ma pellets ake—amapereka chitsimikizo chakunja cha kusinthidwa kwa zida. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi gulu logulitsa fakitoleyi mu Disembala 2025, womwe unakhudza maakaunti 12 akuluakulu a malo odyetsera ng'ombe, adapereka ndemanga zotsatirazi:

Oyang'anira malo odyetsera ziweto asanu ndi anayi mwa khumi ndi awiri anena kuti chindapusa chachepa kwambiri pakaperekedwa ma pellet. Woyang'anira m'modzi, yemwe amamaliza pafupifupi 3,000 pachaka, adawerengera kusinthaku: "Kale tinkawona chindapusa cha masentimita 8-10 pansi pa chindapusa chilichonse cha matani 25. Tsopano nthawi zonse chimakhala pansi pa masentimita atatu."

Anthu asanu ndi awiri omwe anafunsidwa anati ma pellets ankasunga mawonekedwe awo bwino panthawi yogawa auger, zomwe zinachepetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsekeka kwa ma plaster ndi kutsekeka kwa ma plaster. Malo anayi odyetsera ziweto omwe amasunga zolemba za kusintha kwa chakudya adanena kuti pali kusintha kwa ma feed-to-gain ratios, ngakhale kuti fakitoleyi ili ndi chenjezo loti izi zimangochitika chifukwa cha khalidwe la ma pellets chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha, majini, ndi kasamalidwe ka malo ogona.

Makasitomala a chakudya cha nkhosa ku fakitaleyi—mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe amamaliza mitu 500–2,000—ananenanso zofanana ndi zimenezi, pogogomezera kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ziwiya. Nkhosa, popeza ndizosankha kwambiri kudyetsa kuposa ng'ombe, zimasankha ndikukana chindapusa mwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhulupirika kwa ziwiya za nkhosa kukhale kofunika kwambiri pa gawoli.

Mapeto

Gawo la chakudya cha anthu ambiri ku Kazakhstan likukula mofulumira kwambiri lomwe lidzapitirizabe kusokoneza zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale. Zomwe fakitole ya Kostanay inakumana nazo ndi fakitole ya Hongyang HYPM pellet ikuwonetsa mfundo yayikulu: pamsika womwe ukukula kwambiri, chisankho chachikulu pa zida zoperekera pellet chiyenera kuganizira zachuma chonse—kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, nthawi yogwirira ntchito, mtengo wa nthawi yopuma, komanso kukhutitsidwa kwa makasitomala—m'malo mogula kokha.

Deta ya magwiridwe antchito yomwe inalembedwa ku mphero ya Kostanay, yomwe inatenga miyezi isanu ndi itatu yopanga mosalekeza pansi pa nyengo yovuta komanso yogwira ntchito, imapereka umboni wotsimikizika kwa opanga chakudya omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ofanana ku Kazakhstan komanso msika wonse wa Central Asia. Kwa Hongyang, nkhaniyi ikulimbitsa mphamvu ya kampaniyo yopereka mayankho a mphete ndi pellet mill omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chakudya cha nyama—gawo lomwe limafuna chisamaliro chapadera pa zitsulo, uinjiniya wa compression ratio, ndi kulimba pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yovuta.