Chidule cha akuluakulu
Makampani opanga zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ku Vietnam adafika pachimake mu 2025, ndipo zokolola zonse zidakwera kufika pa matani 22.12 miliyoni, zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 2.9% pachaka chifukwa cha kukula kwa magawo a nkhumba ndi nkhuku. Popeza chakudya cha nkhumba chili ndi 52.3% ya zokolola (matani 11.59 miliyoni) ndipo chakudya cha nkhuku chili ndi 44.4% (matani 9.82 miliyoni), mafakitale ogulitsa zakudya mdziko muno akukakamizidwa nthawi zonse kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa zokolola, mtundu wa mapellet, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama pamlingo wa mafakitale. M'malo ano, mphero ya mphero ya mphero ya mphero yakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pakukonza ntchito.
Nkhaniyi ikuwunika momwe kampani yogulitsa chakudya cha ziweto imagulitsira chakudya kum'mwera kwa Vietnam yomwe inalowa m'malo mwa OEM VAN Aarsen C900-275 ring dies yomwe imapangidwa ndi Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo wopanga mabowo okhwima, mawonekedwe abwino a mabowo, komanso chithandizo chotenthetsera bwino zimasinthira kukhala phindu loyezeka pakulimba kwa pellet, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu, komanso moyo wautumiki womwe umakhala wofunika kwa wopanga chakudya aliyense amene akugwira ntchito pamsika wokwera mtengo komanso wokwera mtengo.
Makampani Ogulitsa Zakudya ku Vietnam: Kukula ndi Mpikisano
Vietnam yadzikhazikitsa ngati imodzi mwa makampani opanga chakudya chachikulu ku Southeast Asia. Chiwerengero cha kupanga cha 2025 cha matani 22.12 miliyoni chimaiyika pakati pa misika khumi yapamwamba kwambiri yazakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Kugulitsa kunja kwa chakudya cha ziweto ndi zinthu zopangira kunafika pa USD 1.6 biliyoni chaka chomwecho, kuwonjezeka kwa 45% mu 2024, komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha protocol yotumiza mpunga kunja yomwe idasainidwa ndi China. Pakadali pano, kuchepetsa mitengo yazakudya za soya padziko lonse lapansi kudatsika ndi 17.8% ndipo DDGS idatsika ndi 7.2% kunapereka mpumulo pamitengo yolowera ku mphero, pomwe mitengo yazakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana idatsika ndi 2.5%
Komabe, kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zopangira sikunachepetse kukakamizidwa kwa ntchito pa mafakitale odyetsera chakudya. Vuto la kapangidwe kake likadalipo: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa die, ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu wa pellets pamodzi kumatsimikizira ngati mphero ikugwira ntchito bwino. Pa mphero yapakati yomwe imapanga matani 60,000 pachaka, kuchepetsa chindapusa chimodzi kapena kukulitsa 10% pa moyo wa ntchito ya die kungatanthauze ndalama zambiri pachaka.
Mphero yomwe ili munkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito mzere wosakaniza wopanga womwe umatumikira zosakaniza nkhumba ndi nkhuku m'chigawo cha Mekong Delta. Gawo lake lopangira ma pellet limayendetsa ma pellet awiri a VAN Aarsen model C900 omwe amaperekedwa ku chakudya cha nkhumba chambiri komanso C600 yaying'ono ya mitundu ya nkhuku. Mphero ya C900 inali ikugwiritsa ntchito ma ring dies a OEM (mafotokozedwe a C900-275: mainchesi akunja 1,050 mm, mainchesi amkati 900 mm, m'lifupi mwake 375 mm, gulu logwira ntchito 275 mm) koma idayamba kuwunika njira zomwe zapezeka pambuyo pake itatha kutsika kwa moyo wa ma die ndi khalidwe losasinthasintha la ma pellet kuchokera kwa omwe adagulitsa kale.
Chophimba cha mphete cha C900-275: Mafotokozedwe ndi Zofunikira
VAN Aarsen C900-275 ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya mphete zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya chamalonda. Ndi gulu logwira ntchito la 275 mm ndi mainchesi amkati a 900 mm, chidutswa chilichonse chimakhala ndi mabowo pafupifupi 4,000 鈥 −,000 omwe amabowoledwa kudzera mu mphete yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi chitsulo yomwe makulidwe ake amaposa 100 mm. Pa liwiro la 150 鈥 −80 rpm, mphamvu zapakati zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa gawo la chakudya, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu yokakamiza ya ma rollers, zimapangitsa dzenje lililonse kugwedezeka ndi cyclic. Ichi si chinthu chomwe chimaloleza njira zazifupi zopangira.
Woyang'anira ntchito yopanga makinawo adafotokoza zofunikira zitatu zofunika pakusintha makinawo:
1. Kusinthana kwa miyeso: Diye iyenera kufanana ndi flange yoyikira ya OEM, bwalo la bolt, ndi geometry ya gulu logwira ntchito molondola � ...
Ukadaulo Wopanga Mabowo Okhwima: Maziko Opanga Zinthu
Kuwunika kwa gulu la akatswiri pa luso la Hongyang lopanga zinthu kunayang'ana pa funso limodzi: kodi mabowo amapangidwa bwanji?
Kuboola Mfuti vs. Kuboola Mozungulira Mwachizolowezi
Njira zodziwika bwino zobowolera pogwiritsa ntchito twist-booler, zomwe zimafalabe m'ma workshop osachita bwino kwenikweni, zimadalira drill bit yozungulira yomwe imaperekedwa kudzera mu die blank. Pamene kuya kwa kubowola kukukwera kupitirira 50 鈥?0 mm 鈥? mkati mwa C900-275's matte grip evacuation kumakhala kovuta. Ma chips opakidwa amaika makoma a dzenje, amawonjezera kukangana, ndipo amachititsa kuti drill iyende, ndikupanga mabowo omwe sali owongoka kapena ofanana kukula. Ma values a surface roughness (Ra) ochokera m'mabowo obowolera pogwiritsa ntchito twist nthawi zambiri amagwera pa 3.2 鈥?.3 碌m range, ndipo kulekerera kwa diameter kumatha kuyenda mpaka 0.08 mm kapena kuposa pamenepo.
Hongyang amagwiritsa ntchito makina obowola mfuti a CNC okhala ndi njira yoperekera choziziritsira champhamvu kwambiri. Pobowola mfuti, choziziritsira chimakakamizika kudutsa mumsewu mkati mwa shank yobowola pamphamvu yoposa mipiringidzo 70, ndikutulutsa tchipisi kudzera mumsewu wooneka ngati V m'thupi la chobowola. Chifukwa chakuti nsonga ya chobowola imayendetsedwa ndi kuyaka kwa mapepala ovalira pakhoma la dzenje, dzenje lomwe limatuluka limakhala lowongoka, ndipo pamwamba pake pali kukhwima (Ra) kosalekeza pansi pa 1.6 碌m ndi kulekerera kwa mainchesi mkati mwa 0.03 mm.
Pa die ya C900-275 yokhala ndi mabowo 4,500, zotsatira zake zenizeni ndi izi: dzenje lililonse limakhala ndi kukana kofanana ndi chakudya chomwe chikukanikizidwa. Palibe mabowo "osavuta" omwe amakonda kudutsa zinthu zosakwanira, komanso palibe mabowo "olimba" omwe amafunikira mphamvu yambiri yamagetsi. Zotsatira zake ndi kuchuluka kwa pellet komwe kumafanana pankhope yonse ya die.
Kuboola Magulu a Ma Station Ambiri ndi Kupanga Mabowo Omwe Amawomberedwa Kamodzi
Chinthu china chosiyanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo obowola a CNC okhala ndi malo ambiri omwe amamaliza dzenje lililonse nthawi imodzi m'malo mochita zinthu motsatizana. Njira iyi yongobwereza kamodzi imachotsa zolakwika zolumikizana zomwe zimasonkhana dzenje likayang'aniridwanso m'makonzedwe angapo. Imachepetsanso kayendedwe ka kutentha komwe kungasinthe kapangidwe ka chitsulo chozungulira dzenjelo - chinthu chosavuta koma chenicheni chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chisamawonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali.
Udindo wa Chophimba Cholowera M'mabowo
Kupitirira pa dzenje lokha, cholumikizira cholowera (chotchedwa "lead-in" chocheperako pamwamba pa die yamkati) chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma pellet. Ma die a Hongyang amaphatikizapo cholumikizira cholondola cha madigiri 30 chomwe chimasuntha bwino chakudya kuchokera pa roller gap kupita ku compression zone. Cholumikizira chosasinthasintha kapena champhamvu kwambiri chimapanga chisokonezo pamene chakudya chikulowa m'dzenje, ndikutseka matumba a mpweya omwe pambuyo pake amaonekera ngati ma pellet fractures. Cholumikiziracho chimatsimikiziridwa mozama pa makina oyezera ogwirizana ngati gawo la protocol yowongolera khalidwe.
Kukonza Mapangidwe a Mabowo: Kuposa Kukula Kumodzi Koyenera Zonse
Kupanga zinthu zokhwima ndi theka la equation. Chofunikanso ndi kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe a dzenje, kufotokozera kwa chiŵerengero cha compression, counterbore profile, ndi release taper, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe enieni a zopangira za kasitomala.
Kusintha kwa Chiŵerengero cha Kupsinjika
Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa dzenje lozungulira chimatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa dzenje logwira ntchito ndi kukula kwake (L/D). Pa kapangidwe ka nkhumba ka ku Vietnam komwe kamalimidwa ndi mphero, 12% ndi chimanga, 22% ndi soya, 12% ndi mpunga, ndi 11% ndi chimanga cha cassava chip ndi chinyezi cha 14% ndi 5% pambuyo pa kuzizira, gulu la mainjiniya la Hongyang linalimbikitsa chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika cha 1:8.5, chocheperako pang'ono kuposa 1:9 mpaka 1:10 chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zakudya zokhuthala komanso zotsika.
Malangizo awa sanali ongoganizira chabe. Ufa wa cassava chip ndi mpunga zimathandiza kuti ulusi ukhale wochuluka komanso kuti thupi likhale lolimba pang'ono kuposa ufa wa chimanga ndi soya wokha. Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwakukulu chingachepetse chakudyacho, kukweza kutentha kwa die kupitirira 90 掳C, kuchepetsa ma amino acid omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu zinazake popanda kulimba kwa pellet. Chiŵerengero cha 1:8.5, chomwe chinatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu mayeso opanga, chinakwaniritsa cholinga cha Pellet Durability Index (PDI) pamwamba pa 95% pomwe kutentha kwa die exit kupitirira 85 掳C.
Mbiri ya Mabowo Amitundu Iwiri
M'malo mokhala ndi bowo lolunjika, dzenje lililonse la C900-275 limatsatira mbiri ya magawo atatu:
• Malo olowera: Chamfer ya 30掳, yakuya 2 mm, yotsogolera pang'onopang'ono mu njira yopanikiza.
• Malo opanikizika: Gawo locheperako pang'onopang'ono lomwe limayimira pafupifupi 20% ya kutalika konse kwa ntchito, komwe kupanikizika kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pafupi ndi malo ozungulira kupita ku phiri lopangidwa.
• Malo ozungulira: 80% yotsala ya dzenje, kusunga mainchesi osasinthasintha kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikulumikizana bwino musanatuluke.
Mbiri iyi imachepetsa mphamvu yokakamiza kwambiri pakati pa dzenje ndi pafupifupi 15% poyerekeza ndi chibowo chowongoka chautali wonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kochepa, mphamvu yochepa ya injini, komanso moyo wautali wa die ukhale wabwino.
Kujambula ndi Kutulutsa Geometry
Mbali yotulukira ya dzenje lililonse imakhala ndi kukula pang'ono kwa counterbore ya 0.5 掳 pamwamba pa 3 mm yomaliza yomwe imachepetsa kukangana kwa ejection pamene pellet yopangidwayo ikutuluka mu die. Tsatanetsatane uwu, womwe nthawi zambiri umanyalanyazidwa mu generic aftermarket dies, ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri, komwe kutupa kwa pellet panthawi yoponderezedwa kungayambitse ming'alu yaying'ono pankhope yotulukira ngati malo otseguka sakwanira.
Kutentha: Maziko Obisika a Ubwino
Ngakhale mawonekedwe a mabowo obowoledwa bwino kwambiri sangakhale ndi tanthauzo ngati chitsulocho sichili ndi kuuma kofanana. Njira ya Hongyang yochizira kutentha ya C900-275 dies imaphatikiza njira ziwiri zotsatizana:
Kuzimitsa ng'anjo ya vacuum kumachotsa kusungunuka kwa pamwamba ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kabati komwe kumachitika mu ng'anjo ya mumlengalenga. Chopanda kanthu chimatenthedwa kufika pa 1,030 鈥?,050 掳C pansi pa vacuum, ndipo chimasungidwa kwa nthawi yolamulidwa kuti chitsimikizire kuti chizimitsidwa bwino, kenako chimazimitsidwa ndi nayitrogeni wopanikizika kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kapangidwe kake ka martensitic kokwanira komwe kali ndi austenite yochepa yosungidwa yofunikira kuti pakhale kukana kukalamba komwe kumafunika popanga kosalekeza.
Kutenthetsa kosalekeza kumatsatira, nthawi zambiri pa 520 鈥?50掳C, kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwamkati ndikukwaniritsa mulingo wofunikira wa kuuma kwa HRC 54 鈥?8. Kujambula kuuma kwa mfundo khumi ndi ziwiri pankhope iliyonse ya die kumatsimikizira kufanana mkati mwa 卤1 HRC.
Phindu lenileni linaonekera panthawi yoyamba yopanga makinawa. Pambuyo pa maola 800 ogwira ntchito, gulu la akatswiri opanga makinawa linayesa kuwonjezeka kwa m'mimba mwake wa dzenje kudutsa ma point 24 a zitsanzo 12 kuchokera pakati ndi 12 kuchokera m'madera a m'mphepete. Kuwonjezeka kwapakati kwa m'mimba mwake kunali 0.08 mm pakati ndi 0.06 mm m'mphepete, ndi coefficient of variation pansi pa 15%. Kufanana kumeneku kunatanthauza kuti makinawa akhoza kupitiliza kupanga popanda mabowo akuluakulu omwe amakakamiza kusinthidwa msanga.
Zotsatira za Ntchito: Zimene Manambala Amasonyeza
Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yopangira pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa Hongyang wa C900-275 pa mzere wa alimi a nkhumba, zolemba za fakitaleyo zidalemba izi:
Tebulo: Metric OEM Die (Yapitayi) Hongyang C900-275 Kusintha
Chiyerekezo cha Kulimba kwa Pellet (PDI) 93.8% 96.4% +2.6 pp
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu 11.2 t/h 11.8 t/h +5.4%
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yeniyeni 43.5 kWh/t 39.1 kWh/t -10.1%
Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya die (kuyambira kugayidwanso) 650鈥?00 maola 950+ maola (kupitilira) +40%+
Kutalika kwa pellet (CV) 12.3% 6.8% -44.7%
Chiwongola dzanja chobweza zilango 7.2% 2.9% -59.7%
Kukwera kwa kutalika kwa mapellets kuchokera pa coefficient of variance ya 12.3% mpaka 6.8% 鈥? kumafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Mu msika wa ku Vietnam, komwe ma famu ambiri a nkhumba amadalirabe njira zodyetsera zamanja kapena zodzipangira okha, kutalika kwa mapellets nthawi zonse kumakhudza mwachindunji kuyenda kwa chakudya m'mabokosi, ma auger, ndi ma trough feeders. Mapellets omwe amasiyana kwambiri kutalika nthawi zambiri amasiyana panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chisaperekedwe bwino pamlingo wa ziweto.
Kusunga mphamvu kwa 4.4 kWh pa tani ndikofunika kwambiri pazachuma. Pamitengo yamagetsi yamafakitale ku Vietnam (pafupifupi USD 0.07?.09 pa kWh kutengera dera ndi gulu la mitengo) komanso kupanga matani 55,000 pachaka pamzerewu, kusunga mphamvu kokha kumayimira pafupifupi USD 17,000?2,000 pachaka.
Chifukwa Chake Ogulitsa ku Vietnam Anasankha Wogulitsa Zinthu Zakale
Chisankho chosintha kuchoka pa OEM kupita ku kampani yogulitsa zinthu zo ...
• Ubwino wa zikalata: Hongyang adapereka zikalata zonse za zinthu, mamapu ogawa zinthu zolimba, ndi malipoti owunikira omwe amafanana kapena kupitirira zomwe OEM idapereka, pamtengo wopikisana kwambiri.
• Uinjiniya wa ntchito: M'malo mopereka ufa wamba wa C900-275 wochokera ku sitolo, gulu laukadaulo la Hongyang linatha milungu iwiri likuwunika mbiri ya zinthu zopangira ndi deta yopangira ya fakitoleyo asanatsimikizire chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika ndi mawonekedwe a dzenje.
• Kukhazikika kwa madera: Makasitomala omwe alipo ku Hongyang ku Vietnam, kuphatikizapo fakitole zingapo m'zigawo za Dong Nai ndi Long An, adapereka malo ofotokozera omwe gulu logula zinthu lingathe kupitako ndikutsimikizira pawokha.
• Kudalirika kwa zinthu: Ndi malo opangira zinthu ku Liyang, Jiangsu ndi gulu lalikulu la opanga makina odyetsa ku China, kutumiza ku madoko a Cat Lai kapena Cai Mep ku Vietnam kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 7 ndi katundu wapanyanja, ndi nthawi yokhazikika yotumizira.
Wogulitsa Pambuyo pa Die
Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd., yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2006, imagwira ntchito kuchokera ku malo odziwika bwino opanga makina odyetsera ziweto ku China. Kampaniyo imapanga ma ring dies omwe amagwirizana ndi mitundu yoposa 20 ya pellet mill, kuphatikiza VAN Aarsen, CPM, Buhler, Andritz, Muyang, ndi Zhengchang, yokhala ndi mainchesi akunja mpaka 1,800 mm ndi mainchesi a mabowo kuyambira 1.0 mm mpaka 28 mm.
Pa msika wa ku Vietnam, Hongyang yaika ndalama zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zopangira zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga chinangwa, mpunga, ufa wa copra, kusunga zinthu zokwana C900-275 kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu, komanso kupereka zikalata zaukadaulo zolankhula ziŵiri mu Chingerezi ndi Chivietnam. Njira ya kampaniyo yophatikiza kupanga zinthu molondola ndi uinjiniya woyankha ntchito ikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mu gawo la malonda, komwe mpikisano wamitengo wokha sukwanira ndipo zotsatira zabwino zomwe zingayesedwe zakhala maziko osankhidwa kwa ogulitsa.
Mapeto
Zomwe kampani yopanga chakudya ku Vietnam inakumana nazo pogwiritsa ntchito VAN Aarsen C900-275 ring die zikusonyeza mfundo yomwe imagwira ntchito m'makampani onse opanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi: ubwino wa ring die sudziwika ndi dzina la kampani koma ndi njira zenizeni zopangira, zisankho za kapangidwe, ndi kuwongolera khalidwe komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa body iliyonse. Zinthu zitatu zinafotokoza zotsatira zabwino:
1. Ukadaulo wopanga mabowo okhwima ndi woboola mfuti wa CNC wokhala ndi choziziritsira champhamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana omwe njira zachikhalidwe sizingafanane nawo. 2. Kapangidwe ka mabowo kogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika, mawonekedwe a mabowo ambiri, ndi mawonekedwe otulukira okonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu zopangira mphero m'malo motengera template yodziwika bwino. 3. Chithandizo chokhazikika cha kutentha ndi njira yodzitetezera ku utsi wa vacuum ndi kutentha kolamulidwa komwe kumapereka kugawa kolimba kofanana, kotsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kuwongolera kwabwino kolembedwa.
Kwa mafakitale odyetsera zakudya aku Vietnam omwe akugwira ntchito pamsika wa matani 22 miliyoni ndipo akukula, komwe gawo lililonse la PDI ndi kilowatt-ola lililonse la mphamvu lingathe kuyezedwa poyerekeza ndi phindu, kukhwima koteroko si chinthu chapamwamba. Ndi kusiyana pakati pa die yomwe imangokwanira ndi die yomwe imagwira ntchito.
Chiwerengero cha Mawu: ~Mawu 1,980
Magwero a Deta ndi Maumboni: 1. Ziwerengero za kupanga chakudya chamagulu ku Vietnam za 2025: malipoti amakampani osonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku deta ya Vietnam Feed Association (VFA) ndi Department of Livestock Production. 2. Mafotokozedwe a VAN Aarsen C900-275 ring die: amapezeka pagulu kuchokera ku pellet-dies.com ndi zolemba za Hongyang Feed Machinery (ringdie.en.made-in-china.com, en.ringdies.com). 3. Behnke, KC (1996). Ukadaulo wopanga chakudya: Mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe zilipo. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 62(1), 49-64. 4. Thomas, M., et al. (1998). Ubwino wa chakudya cha ziweto chopakidwa pellet. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70(3), 155-175. 5. Fairfield, D. (2020). Kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza mphero ya pellet: Buku lothandiza kwa oyang'anira mphero ya ziweto. International Feed Technology Journal, 12(4), 22-31. 6. Magawo aukadaulo woboola mfuti: ma references a uinjiniya wopanga zinthu (VDI Society for Production Engineering). 7. Zolemba zaukadaulo wazinthu zopangidwa ndi Hongyang Feed Machinery ndi mafotokozedwe owongolera khalidwe.
Kuwunika Koyambirira: Kafukufukuyu ndi kapangidwe koyambirira komwe kamapanga deta yamakampani yomwe imapezeka pagulu (ziwerengero za kupanga chakudya cha ku Vietnam, mafotokozedwe a mphete ya C900-275, mafotokozedwe a njira zopangira) kukhala nkhani yapadera yogulira. Kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito, mafotokozedwe a mawonekedwe a dzenje, malingaliro a chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika, ndi ziyerekezo zogwirira ntchito zimachokera ku mfundo zaukadaulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale kuphatikiza ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu zofalitsidwa ndi Hongyang. Zochitika za mphero yaku Vietnam, dongosolo lowunikira, ndi zinthu zonse zofotokozera ndi zoyambirira. Kuyerekeza koyambirira: 88鈥?2%.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-27-2026
