Belarus Feed Mill Yagula Mphero ya Ring Die Pellet ya Broiler Feed: Momwe Ukadaulo Wopangira Mabowo Okhwima Umatsimikizira Kukhala Wabwino kwa Pellet

Chidule cha akuluakulu

Belarus ndi mtsogoleri m'chigawochi pa ulimi wa nkhuku. Malinga ndi Komiti ya Ziwerengero ya Dziko Lonse ya Republic of Belarus, dzikolo linali ndi nkhuku zokwana 54.5 miliyoni kuyambira mu Januwale 2026, ndipo nkhuku zinali ndi 41.6% ya malonda onse a nyama — kuchokera pa 40.5% mu 2024. Mwa mabungwe 38 aulimi mdziko muno omwe akuchita ulimi wa nkhuku, 20 ndi akatswiri pa ulimi wa nkhuku, ndipo pamodzi amapanga matani 693,000 a nyama ya nkhuku pachaka.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ulendo wogula fakitale yogulitsa chakudya cha nkhuku ku Belarus yomwe inkafuna kukweza chingwe chake chopangira ma pellet ndi mphero yopangira ma pellet. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika momwe mpheroyi idawunikira ukadaulo wopanga mabowo a mphete, kuwunika kukhwima kwa kupanga kwa ogulitsa, komanso kupeza mtundu wabwino wa ma pellet a nkhuku kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.

1. Malo Odyera Nkhuku ku Belarus: Chifukwa Chake Ubwino wa Mphete ya Ring Die Ndi Wofunika

Gawo la nkhuku ku Belarus limagwira ntchito pamlingo wa mafakitale. Purezidenti Alexander Lukashenko, polankhula pamsonkhano wadziko lonse wokhudza chitukuko cha makampani opanga nkhuku ku Soligorsk kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024, adanenanso kuti kupanga nyama ya nkhuku mdziko muno kwapitirira kale kufunikira kwapakhomo ndi pafupifupi 60%, ndipo kugulitsa nyama ya nkhuku kukupeza phindu la 8.5%. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumaika Belarus ngati wogulitsa kunja mkati mwa Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), koma zikutanthauzanso kuti mafakitale odyetsera ziweto akukumana ndi kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kuti apitirize kupanga mopikisana pamtengo.

Chakudya chimayimira 50–60% ya ndalama zomwe zimafunika popanga nkhuku. Pa mphero yomwe imapanga matani 100,000 a chakudya cha nkhuku pachaka, ngakhale kukwera kwa 1% pakulimba kwa pellets - kuchepetsa ndalama zolipirira ndi kuwononga chakudya - kungapangitse kuti ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zikhale zochepa kwambiri pa chaka chonse.

Chida chopangira mphete ndicho maziko a equation iyi. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma pellet, kulimba, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Chida chopangira mphete chosapangidwa bwino chokhala ndi mainchesi osasinthasintha a mabowo, malo ozungulira mkati, kapena kugawika kosagwirizana kwa kuuma kumapanga ma pellet omwe amasweka panthawi yonyamula, kupanga ndalama zambiri, ndikukakamiza injini ya pellet kuti igwire ntchito molimbika - zonse zomwe zimawononga phindu.

Kwa mphero ya ku Belarus yomwe yafotokozedwa pano, chisankho chofuna kuyika ndalama mu mphero yopangidwa ndi ring pellet yolondola kwambiri chinayendetsedwa ndi zochitika zitatu:

1. Mzere wopangira ma pellet womwe ulipo, womwe unayikidwa zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, unkapanga ma PDI a 86–89% pa mitundu ya nkhuku — pansi pa malire a 92% omwe ntchito yophatikizana ya nkhuku za nkhuku za fakitole inkafunika.
2. Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa ma die kunawonjezeka kuchoka pa maola 800 mpaka 1,000 aliwonse ogwira ntchito kufika pa maola 500 mpaka 600 aliwonse, zomwe zikusonyeza kuwonongeka kwachangu chifukwa cha zinthu zosakwanira komanso mabowo pamwamba.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kunafika pa 48 kWh/t, chifukwa cha kukana kwakukulu kwa kukangana m'ma die osweka.

2. Njira Yogulira: Kuwunika Kukhwima kwa Kupanga Mphete

Gulu loyang'anira mafakitale, lomwe lili ndi mkulu wa opanga, mainjiniya wamkulu, komanso woyang'anira zogula, linakhazikitsa dongosolo lowunikira bwino asanalankhule ndi ogulitsa.

2.1 Zofunikira Zowunikira Zaukadaulo

Gululo linafotokoza magulu asanu a kuwunika kwa ogulitsa:

| Gulu | Kulemera | Zizindikiro Zofunika |
|—|—|—|
| Ukadaulo wopanga mabowo | 30% | Njira yobowolera, kukhazikika kwa pamwamba, kuwongoka kwa mabowo |
| Chithandizo cha zinthu ndi kutentha | 25% | Mtundu wachitsulo, kuuma kofanana, kuthekera kozimitsa vacuum |
| Kuthekera kosintha zinthu | 20% | Kapangidwe ka chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika, kukonza bwino mawonekedwe a dzenje pazinthu zopangira zakomweko |
| Chitsimikizo ndi zikalata | 15% | Kutsatira malamulo a EAEU, malipoti oyesa zinthu, mamapu olimba |
| Thandizo pambuyo pa malonda | 10% | Kutumiza kwa mainjiniya, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira, chithandizo chaukadaulo chakutali |

2.2 Funso la Ukadaulo Wopanga Mabowo

Funso lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo lomwe fakitale inafunsa ogulitsa onse linali lakuti: "Kodi mumabowola bwanji mabowo?"

Funso limeneli si lophweka. Chidutswa cha mphete cha mphero yapakati mpaka yaikulu chimakhala ndi mabowo 3,000–5,000, chilichonse chobooledwa kudzera mu mphete yachitsulo ya makulidwe a 80–140 mm. Ubwino wa mabowo awa — kulimba kwawo m'mimba mwake, kulunjika, ndi kukongola kwa pamwamba pa nthaka — zimatsimikizira mwachindunji ubwino wa pellet.

Ogulitsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zobowolera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamanja kapena zodzipangira okha nthawi zambiri amapanga mabowo okhala ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba (Ra) pakati pa 3.2–6.3 µm. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kubowola mabowo akuya a CNC okhala ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri — pogwiritsa ntchito BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) kapena zida zobowolera mfuti — amatha kupeza ma Ra omwe ali pansi pa 1.6 µm, ndi kulekerera kwa mabowo m'mimba mwake mkati mwa ±0.05 mm.

Gulu lowunikira la fakitole yaku Belarus linapita kwa ogulitsa awiri omwe angakhalepo ndikuwunikanso zikalata zaukadaulo kuchokera kwa ena atatu. Chosiyanitsa chofunikira chinali chowonekera pansi pa kukula: Mabowo obowoledwa ndi CNC anali ndi zizindikiro zofanana, zozungulira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kudula kotsogozedwa ndi mfundo imodzi; mabowo obowoledwa mwachizolowezi anali ndi malo osakhazikika, osweka omwe akusonyeza kulongedza kwa tchipisi ndi kuyendayenda kwa drill.

2.3 Kusankha Makina Odyetsa a Hongyang

Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi yowunikira, fakitoleyo inasankha Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. kukhala wogulitsa fakitole yake ya ring die pellet. Chisankhocho chinadalira pa zomwe zapezeka zitatu:

- Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Hongyang makina obowola mabowo akuya a CNC okhala ndi makina oziziritsira othamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabowo a pamwamba pa mabowo akhale osalala kwambiri kuposa ogulitsa omwe akupikisana nawo pamtengo wofanana.
- Kufunitsitsa kwa kampaniyo kupereka ziphaso zatsatanetsatane za zinthu (malipoti oyesera mphero yachitsulo) ndi mamapu ogawa kuuma kwa mphete iliyonse — zikalata zomwe gulu lotsimikizira khalidwe la mpheroyo likhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi malamulo aukadaulo a EAEU TR CU 010/2011.
- Njira yodziwira bwino ntchito yogulitsa zinthu zisanagulitsidwe: mkati mwa milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene fakitale yalandira zinthu zopangira (tirigu ndi barele zakomweko zitasakanizidwa ndi ufa wa soya wochokera kunja, chinyezi cha 13–15%), gulu la akatswiri la Hongyang linalimbikitsa kuti pakhale chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa 1:9 pa kapangidwe ka broiler starter ndi 1:10 pa chotsirizira, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi deta yochokera kuzinthu zofanana.

3. Kukhazikitsa ndi Kukhazikitsa Zipangizo

Mpheroyo idalamula gawo lonse lopangira ma pellet lomangidwa mozungulira mphero imodzi ya SZLH420 ring die pellet (mota yayikulu ya 110 kW, yoyendetsedwa ndi giya). Odayo idaphatikizapo:

- Ma diamondi awiri achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 grade): imodzi yokhala ndi mulifupi wa dzenje la 3.0 mm ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika cha 1:9 cha chakudya choyambira cha nkhuku, ndipo imodzi yokhala ndi mabowo a 3.5 mm ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika cha 1:10 cha chakudya chomaliza cha nkhuku.
- Seti imodzi yowonjezera ya ma rollers okhala ndi ma bearing otsekedwa.
- Chokometsera cha magawo awiri chokhala ndi nthawi yosungira masekondi 150–180, chopangidwa kuti chikwaniritse kusungunuka kwa starch pamwamba pa 30% pa mphamvu ya 10 t/h.
- Choziziritsira madzi chotsutsana ndi madzi (chitsanzo cha SKLN6) komanso choyezera kusinthasintha kwa madzi.

Zipangizo zinatumizidwa kudzera ku China-Europe Railway Express kupita ku Minsk, ndi ma CD oletsa dzimbiri komanso ma crate osagwedezeka omwe adasankhidwa paulendo wa sitima wa makilomita 7,500. Kukhazikitsa kunamalizidwa m'masabata asanu ndi gulu logwirizana la mainjiniya a ku Hongyang ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza fakitole, ndipo ntchito yoyambitsa ntchitoyo inachitika mu February 2025.

Deta yotumizira deta inakwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe koyamba kopanga:

- Mphamvu yogwira ntchito: 10.3 t/h pa 92% ya mphamvu ya injini (yomwe ili ndi: 10–12 t/h)
- Kutentha kotulutsa mpweya woziziritsa mpweya: 86–89 °C
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): 95.4% pa fomula yoyambira ya nkhuku
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yeniyeni: 41.8 kWh/t

4. Zotsatira za Ntchito: Miyezi Isanu ndi Imodzi ya Deta Yopangidwa

Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yopangira mosalekeza (Marichi-Ogasiti 2025), zolemba zowongolera khalidwe la fakitole zinawonetsa:

| Parameter | Mzere Wakale (Kukweza Kusanachitike) | Mzere Watsopano wa Hongyang | Kukonza |
|—|—|—|—|
| PDI yapakati (choyambira cha nkhuku) | 87.5% | 95.8% | +8.3 pa munthu |
| PDI yapakati (chomaliza nyama ya nkhuku) | 88.2% | 96.1% | +7.9 pa munthu |
| Mphamvu yeniyeni (kWh/t) | 48.2 | 41.6 | -13.7% |
| Nthawi yogwira ntchito (maola) | 550–620 | 950+ (yopitilira) | +55%+ |
| Chiwongola dzanja chobweza zilango (% ya ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa) | 8.1% | 3.2% | -60.5% |
| Chiŵerengero cha kupanga ma pellet | 90.3% | ≥96% | +5.7 pp |

Kuchepa kwa chiwongola dzanja chobweza ndalama zolipirira chindapusa chokha — kuchokera pa 8.1% mpaka 3.2% — kunatanthauza kuti pa matani 100 aliwonse a ufa wophikidwa, mpheroyo inapeza pafupifupi matani 5 owonjezera a mapellets ogulitsidwa m'malo mowabwezeretsanso ku conditioner. Pa mtengo wapakati wogulitsa chakudya cha nkhuku ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga pachaka kwa matani pafupifupi 60,000 a chakudya cha nkhuku, kusintha kumeneku kunayimira gawo lalikulu pa ntchito ya mpheroyo.

4.1 Kuchuluka kwa Chakudya Chopatsa Mphamvu pa Kugwira Ntchito kwa Nkhuku

Ntchito yophatikizana ya fakitole yopangira nkhuku inanena kuti zotsatira zake zinali zoyezeka:

- Chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa chakudya (FCR) chinakwera kuchoka pa 1.72 kufika pa 1.66 pa nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi zokulira, kutsika komwe katswiri wazakudya anati pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kugawikana kwa ma pellets ndi pang'ono chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kumachitika nthawi zonse.
Kulemera kwa mbalame mofanana pa nthawi yopha kunawonjezeka, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kunachepa kuchoka pa 10.5% kufika pa 8.3%, mogwirizana ndi kudya chakudya nthawi zonse.
- Kutayika kwa chakudya m'ma feeder a pan kunachepa kwambiri; zomwe zinapezeka pamalopo zinasonyeza kuti kufalikira kwa chakudya kunali kochepa ndi pafupifupi 30% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomwe chakudyacho chisanakonzedwe.

5. Kodi "Ukadaulo Wopanga Mabowo Okhwima" Umatanthauza Chiyani Mu Ntchito?

Zomwe zinachitikira fakitole yaku Belarus zikuwonetsa momwe kupanga mphete zokhwima kumaonekera pankhani yogwira ntchito, kupitirira zomwe zili papepala la deta.

5.1 Kusasinthasintha Pakati pa Ma Dies

Pamene fakitaleyo inalamula kuti isinthe mphete yake yoyamba mu Ogasiti 2025, gulu lowongolera khalidwe linayerekeza mphete yatsopanoyo ndi mphete yoyambirira yoyambira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana yoyambira nkhuku ndi makina. Kusiyana kwa PDI pakati pa mphete ziwirizi kunali 0.3 peresenti - mkati mwa kusatsimikizika kwa muyeso - kutsimikizira kuti njira yopangira ya Hongyang inali yobwerezedwanso pamlingo wopanga.

5.2 Mapangidwe Oyenera Kuvala

Diye yoyambirira yoyambitsa, itatha maola 950+ ogwirira ntchito, inali ndi kuvala kofanana m'mabowo onse, ndipo kukula kwakukulu kwa dayamita kunayesedwa pa 0.12 mm pakati pa mzere ndi 0.09 mm m'mphepete. Kufanana kumeneku - chifukwa cha kuuma kwa zinthu nthawi zonse komwe kumachitika kudzera mu vacuum quenching - kunatanthauza kuti diyeyo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kampeni yonse yopanga m'malo mosinthidwa msanga chifukwa cha kuvala kwina.

5.3 Zolemba Zomwe Mungadalire

Pa die iliyonse yoperekedwa, Hongyang anapereka:

- Satifiketi ya zinthu zochokera ku mphero yachitsulo yotsimikizira mtundu wa X46Cr13 ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
- Mapu ogawa kuuma omwe akuwonetsa muyeso wa Rockwell hardness (HRC) pa mfundo 12 kudutsa nkhope ya die. Kuyesa kwa chitsimikizo cha fakitole kunatsimikizira kuwerengedwa mkati mwa ±1 HRC ya mtengo womwe wogulitsayo adalengeza.
- Malipoti owunikira miyeso ya kukula kwa dzenje, phula, ndi mawonekedwe a counterbore.

Phukusi lolembamo silinali longochitika mwamwambo chabe. Linathandiza gulu lotsimikizira khalidwe la fakitaleyo kusonyeza kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo a EAEU panthawi yowunika komwe kunakonzedwa ndi Komiti ya Boma la Belarusian yoona za Malamulo mu June 2025.

6. Maganizo a Wogulitsa: Njira ya Hongyang Yopezera Misika ya EAEU

Kuchokera kumbali ya ogulitsa, mgwirizano wa Hongyang Feed Machinery ndi msika wa ku Belarus ukuwonetsa njira yayikulu yotumikira makasitomala a EAEU. Kampaniyo, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2006 ku Liyang, Chigawo cha Jiangsu - malo odziwika bwino opanga makina odyetsa chakudya ku China - yatumiza zida kumayiko opitilira 15, kuphatikiza Russia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, ndi Senegal.

Ponena za misika ya EAEU, Hongyang yapanga izi:

- Phukusi la zolemba zaukadaulo logwirizana ndi TR CU 010/2011 (chitetezo cha makina) ndi TR CU 004/2011 (chitetezo cha zida zotsika mphamvu zamagetsi).
- Chidziwitso ndi chithandizo cha satifiketi ya GOST-B, kuphatikizapo zolemba za EAC ndi mapasipoti aukadaulo mu Chirasha kapena Chingerezi.
- Mphamvu yotumizira katundu ku China-Europe Railway Express, yokhala ndi zida zokonzekera kutentha kwambiri komanso momwe sitima zimayendera m'dziko lonselo.
- Chitsanzo cha pambuyo pa malonda chomwe chimaphatikiza kutumiza mainjiniya pamalopo (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masiku 15 ogwira ntchito ku malo a EAEU) ndi chithandizo chakutali kudzera pa kanema ndi mauthenga achangu.

Pa mphero ya ku Belarus, izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene vuto laling'ono la kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ya nthunzi linabuka m'mwezi wachitatu wa ntchito, gulu laukadaulo la Hongyang linazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa - msampha wa condensate womwe unali pansi pa conditioner yomwe inali yochepa kukula kwa mutu wa mphero - mkati mwa ola limodzi kuchokera pamene analandira uthenga wa WhatsApp wa mpheroyo ndi mbiri ya kupsinjika kwa nthunzi.

7. Mapeto

Zomwe kampani ya ku Belarusian broiler feed mill yapeza zikusonyeza kuti ukadaulo wopanga mabowo ozungulira si chinthu chongoganizira chabe — ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira ubwino wa ma pellets, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu, komanso moyo wa ntchito ya ma pellets popanga chakudya cha malonda.

Zinthu zitatu zinathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino:

- Njira yowunikira bwino kwambiri yomwe idapatsa ogulitsa zinthu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ubwino woyezeka wopanga zinthu — kutha kwa dzenje, kufanana kwa kuuma, ndi zolemba — kuposa zonena za malonda.
- Wogulitsa, Hongyang Feed Machinery, yemwe ndalama zake mu CNC kuboola mabowo akuya, kuchiza kutentha kwa vacuum, ndi kapangidwe ka die komwe kamasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wokhazikika komanso wobwerezabwereza pamlingo wopanga.
- Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida zomwe zinkaona ngati njira yolumikizirana yopangira ma pellet m'malo mwa makina osiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi nthawi yosungira chotenthetsera ndi mawonekedwe a die omwe akugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe enieni a mphero.

Pa mafakitale odyetsera zakudya ku Belarus ndi chigawo chonse cha EAEU, phunzirolo ndi lomveka bwino: poyesa makina opangira ma pellet, funsani kuti muwone mabowo. Funsani momwe adabooledwera, momwe ubwino wawo umatsimikiziridwa, komanso ngati wogulitsayo angapereke mtundu womwewo pamakina a khumi monga momwe adachitira poyamba. Mayankho adzakuuzani zambiri za ubwino wa ma pellet kuposa kabuku kalikonse.

Zolemba

1. Komiti Yowerengera ya Dziko Lonse ya Republic of Belarus. “Chiwerengero cha ziweto, nkhuku ndi ziweto zomwe zapangidwa m'mafamu amitundu yonse mu 2025.” Belstat, 2026.
2. Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Chakudya wa Republic of Belarus. Kuneneratu za kupanga ziweto mu 2024. Yanenedwa ndi BELTA, February 2024.
3. Purezidenti wa Republic of Belarus. Msonkhano wadziko lonse wokhudza chitukuko cha makampani a nkhuku, Soligorsk, Okutobala 2024. Nkhani ya BelTA.
4. Malamulo a Ukadaulo a EAEU: TR CU 010/2011 (chitetezo cha makina), TR CU 004/2011 (chitetezo cha zida zamagetsi otsika).
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Zolemba zaukadaulo wazinthu ndi malangizo owongolera khalidwe la mphete.
6. Amerah, AM, ndi ena. “Kukula kwa tinthu ta chakudya: Zotsatira zake pa kugaya chakudya ndi momwe nkhuku imagwirira ntchito.” World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(3), 2007.
7. Thomas, M., ndi ena. “Ubwino wa chakudya cha ziweto chophikidwa mu pellet.” Animal Food Science and Technology, 70(3), 1998.